Uptake of iron supplements and anemia during pregnancy in Nigeria

Abstract

Background Uptake of iron–folate supplementation for at least 90 days during pregnancy is recommended as a cost-effective way of reducing iron deficiency anemia, the commonest form of anemia among women of childbearing ages. The paper examines the level of compliance in Nigeria. Methods We analysed a sample of 14 740 married women aged 15–49 years from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey with available data on hemoglobin and anemia. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to establish associations between socio-demographic characteristics, compliance with recommended uptake of micronutrients and anemia status of the mothers. Results A number of socio-demographic factors, namely maternal age, type of residence, education, wealth, among others correlated with incidence of maternal anemia as well as compliance with recommended uptake of micronutrient to protect against anemia. For instance, whereas 46.3% of mothers from rural backgrounds were not anemic, 39.0% of those with urban background were not anemic (P < 0.001). More than half (56.2%) of mothers in the richest households were anemic compared with about a third (34.6%) of mothers in the poorest household who were not anemic (P < 0.001). The urban dwellers, richer and more educated mothers complied more with the uptake of iron–folate supplements to protect against anemia during pregnancy (P < 0.001). The younger mothers (15–29 years) were more likely to comply with iron intake (odds ratio: 1.150 (1.060–1.247)).

Determinants of anaemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study using secondary data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018

“…Our findings that low education increased the odds of being anaemic and anaemia severity among all WRA, pregnant women, and non-pregnant WRA agreed with evidence from prior studies among pregnant women, 19,31 and all WRA, 4,13,16 whereas educational attainment was protective of being anaemic. 2,12,14 As stated elsewhere, 4,13 high education helps women to improve their nutrition and sanitary practices, hence reduce the risk of anaemia.…”

“…Our finding that rural residence predicted increased risk of anaemia and its severity is consistent with increased odds of being anaemic among pregnant women, 28,31,32 non-pregnant women, 24 and all WRA 4,11,13,15,21,44 in prior studies but differs from other studies where a rural residence is protective 14 or urban residence is a risk factor. 16 Low access to mass media in rural areas resulting in inequitable access to health information might contribute to the risk of being anaemic even though media exposure was only significant for moderate anaemia among all WRA and NPW in our model.…”

“…Also, the more educated pregnant women complied with the uptake of iron-folate supplements to prevent anaemia during pregnancy. 31 Evidence shows that women who did not consume iron supplements during pregnancy had consistently higher odds of anaemia compared to women who did. 15…”

“…27 The two studies, using nationally representative data, did not account for the different risk factors for pregnant women and non-pregnant women. 4,31 These studies also included a narrow set of risk factors for anaemia among the two categories of WRA. 4,31 This article aims to update the evidence about the prevalence and determinants of anaemia and its severity among WRA, and pregnant and non-pregnant women in Nigeria using a logistic predictive model that includes a wider range of individual, household/socio-economic, and health service-related factors.…”

Studi Kasus Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Anemia

“…Selama empat ini kunjungan, ibu disediakan dengan bukti penting berbasis intervensi, paket yang sering disebut perawatan antenatal terfokus. Intervensi penting dalam ANC termasuk identifikasi dan manajemen komplikasi obstetrik seperti: preeklampsia, imunisasi tetanus toksoid, pengobatan pencegahan intermiten untuk malaria selama kehamilan, dan identifikasi dan manajemen infeksi termasuk infeksi pada manusia immunodeficiency virus, sifilis dan infeksi menular seksual lainnya, serta pemantauan kadar Hb [7] Hasil penelitian RD Aisyah dan Fitiyani (2016) menyatakan Kunjungan Ante Natal Care berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Jumlah kunjungan perawatan antenatal menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dengan anemia yang akan bermanfaat untuk pelayanan pada awal kehamilan.…”