Uptake of Heavy Metals by &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; L. Planted in Soils Containing Sewage Sludge

John, John

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2010.1291.1299

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Jamil et al (2009) explained that phytoremediation techniques required very low costs to carry out. Likewise, (Meagher, 2000;Ahmadpour et al, 2010) studied that this method is widely recognized and accepted as an ecologically responsible alternative to the environmental destructive chemical remediation methods. In addition, this particular technique is considered as an environmentfriendly as it utilizes natural resources such as microorganisms (Jamil et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Orthosiphon stamineus B. for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge

Abdu¹

2011

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:Phytoremediation is a biological treatment where plants are used to remove pollutants from the environment to make them harmless. A study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia on the potential of Orthosiphon stamineus B. planted in sewage sludge for heavy metals uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of O. stamineus to remove toxic heavy metals from sewage sludge. Approach: A total of 36 of O. stamineus were treated at six different levels of soil mixture and sludge treatment including one control. The treatments were replicated six times. Growth parameters mainly height and basal diameter were measured for each plant within 10 weeks. Soil texture (pipette method), soil pH (glass-electrode method) and total carbon (C) (Los on Ignition) were determined. The concentration of heavy metals that include cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the planting media and plant parts were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: There was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in height, basal diameter and number of leaves among the six treatments. The height increment values for all treatments in descending order are: T3 (10.22 cm), T2 (12.42 cm), T1 (13.92 cm), T5 (14.65 cm), T4 (16.20 cm) and C (16.97 cm). In terms of basal diameter, the highest incremental values in ascending order are T5 (0.99 mm), T1 (1.20 mm), T3 (1.31 mm), T2 (1.38 mm), T4 (1.53 mm) and C (1.75 mm). Soil texture for the control is categorized as clay and for T5 is silt loam. Soil reaction is acidic while total carbon ranges from 16.7% to 61.3 %. The concentrations of heavy metals in the planting medium were higher before planting as compared to after planting. For examples, the values for Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb in T5 (100% sewage sludge) before planting are 0.18 ppm, 23.45 ppm, 290.05 ppm, 17.07 ppm and 5.33 ppm, respectively. The values decreased after planting where 0.13 ppm for Cd, 24.30 ppm for Cr, 252.04 ppm for Zn, 18.56 ppm for Cu and 5.96 ppm for Pb were observed. O. stamineus absorbed heavy metals in the range of 0.01 ppm to 0.57 ppm for Cd, 0.08 ppm to 8.48 ppm for Cr, 0 ppm to 43.93 ppm for Zn, 0.11 ppm to 16.73 ppm for Cu and 0.01 ppm to 9.05 ppm for Pb in various plant parts of leaves, stems and roots. Conclusion: Most of the heavy metals taken up by the plants were stored in the leaves, whereas Zn seemed to be stored in all plant parts. These results indicate that O. stamineus has the potential to accumulate heavy metals particularly Zn, Pb and hence could be considered as a good phytoremediator species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Orthosiphon stamineus B. for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge

Abdu¹

2011

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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“…The loss-on-ignition method used in Ahmadpour et al (2010) was used for soil organic matter and organic carbon determination. Kjeldahl digestion was used for total N evaluation and soil acidity was determined using a glass electrode and a soil: water suspension ratio of1:2.5 (Akbar et al, 2010).…”

Section: Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Soil Biological Properties of Natural and Planted Forests in the Malaysian Tropical Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

Karam¹

2011

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the soil biological properties of a natural forest and an 18-year-old stand of Shorea leprosula in Chikus Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia. Approach: Soils were sampled at depths of 0-15 cm (topsoil) and 15-30 cm (subsoil) in six subplots (20×20 m) of natural forest (C1) and of a planted S. leprosula (C2) plot. Fresh composite soil samples were kept in UV-sterilized polyethylene bags prior to analysis in the laboratory. The microbial population count was determined using a spread-plate count technique. The microbial enzymatic activity was elucidated using a Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis assay; microbial biomass was extracted using a rapid chloroform fumigation extraction method. The Microbial Biomass C (MBC) was determined by wet dichromate oxidation; Kjeldahl digestion and a distillation method were used for evaluation of Microbial Biomass N (MBN). Results: Results indicate that only the microbial biomass N and the population count in the soil at the 0-15 cm depth were found to be higher in C1 compared to C2. The higher microbial population count in the soil at the 0-15 cm depth of C1 compared to C2 was enhanced by the large amount of organic matter that serves as a suitable medium for soil microbial growth. The higher MBN in the C1 soil was also influenced by the high content of organic material available that encourages activities of decomposing bacteria to take place. Similarities in the soil biological properties of the plots with regard to enzymatic activity and microbial biomass Care believed to be influenced by the same topographic gradient. The higher MBC/MBN ratios found in soils of C2 compared to C1 were due to the low availability of N compared to C, might result from N utilization by soil microbes for organic material decomposition. Conclusion: There are similarities in microbial enzymatic activity and biomass C, but not in microbial population counts and biomass N, between a natural forest and an 18-year-old stand of S. leprosula in Chikus Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia.

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“…The soil structure contains mostly of sand particles which has low water-holding capacity (Hamzah et al, 2009;Ahmadpour et al, 2010;Heryati et al, 2011a;2011b;Abdu et al, 2011) and poor in nutrient. It is well known that water deficit affects every aspect of plant growth, modifying anatomy, morphology, physiology and biochemistry (Hsaio, 1973;Enu-Kwesi et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic Effects of Fertilizer on Photochemical Efficiency of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Kenaf) Planted on Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales Soil

Yusoff¹,

Hamid²,

Abdu³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Hibiscus cannabinus L. or Kenaf is a highly productive, warmseasonal C 3 annual crop and is one of the potential candidates to substitute kenaf fiber as raw product for pulp and paper production. It survives well on less fertile soils including those of Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soil. Approach: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer on photochemical efficiency of H. cannabinus L. planted on BRIS soil using chlorophyll fluorescence technique. NPK with the ratio of 12:12:36 + 2MgO + TE (Trace-elements are mineral substances that act as an essential nutrients at a very low concentration) and the micronutrient of the trace elements compositions are Boron, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc were used for fertilizer treatment. Three levels of fertilizer treatments were applied in three plots; high (1960 kg plot −1 ), medium (1260 kg plot −1 ) and low (700 kg plot −1 ) respectively each plot comprising 106, 000 plants and were planted in 20 lines. Photochemical efficiency in terms of F v /F m ratio was determined under water deficit condition, fertilizer toxicity and interaction of both factors. Results: Contrasting trends for photochemical parameters were observed between different fertilizer levels where antagonistic effects were found between the three fertilizer treatments. The mean values ranged for minimal fluorescence (F o ) were from 256.27-273.06, maximal fluorescence (F m ) were from 970-1110.5, variable fluorescence (F v ) were from 705-854.23 and the ratio of F v /F m (photochemical efficiency) were from 0.72-0.77, respectively. Hitherto, for stress level, percentage for the low fertilizer level was 23.5% as compared to medium with 26.8 and 27.6% for high fertilizer level. Conclusion:The present study revealed that an appropriate amount of fertilizer is required to maximize the yield production cost effectively.

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Uptake of Heavy Metals by <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L. Planted in Soils Containing Sewage Sludge

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Using <i>Orthosiphon stamineus</i> B. for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge

Using <i>Orthosiphon stamineus</i> B. for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge

Assessing Soil Biological Properties of Natural and Planted Forests in the Malaysian Tropical Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

Antagonistic Effects of Fertilizer on Photochemical Efficiency of <i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i> L. (Kenaf) Planted on Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales Soil

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