Uptake of Bromide by Two Wetland Plants (<i>Typha latifolia </i>L. and<i> Phragmites australis </i>(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)

Xu, Shangping; Leri, Alessandra C.; Myneni, Satish Chandra Babu; Jaffé, Peter R.

doi:10.1021/es049568o

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A number of studies have examined species and functional diversity of experimental communities as they relate to invasion success, with mixed results (Stohlgren et al 1999;Levine et al 2003;Simberloff 2004, 2005;Gilbert and Lechowicz 2005). Although most research on community resistance has emphasized species or functional groups, resistance may also come about from the physical structure of a community as determined by the species composition (Xu et al 2004;Britton-Simmons 2006). Structural characteristics of the plant community may affect invasion, because structure affects physical properties such as light penetration and soil characteristics that in turn affect plant establishment, growth and reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum

Schramm

Ehrenfeld

2010

Biol Invasions

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The invasive grass Microstegium vimineum is widely distributed in closed-canopy forests, but often is patchily distributed under uniform canopy conditions. We hypothesized that the occurrence of patches of invasion may be related to two interacting factors, the presence of dense understory shrub layers and the presence of thick litter layers on the forest floor. Seeds of M. vimineum were sown in plots located under or distant from Lindera benzoin (spicebush) shrubs, and with or without litter manipulations (none, half of natural amount, naturally occurring amount, double the natural amount) in a mature forest in central New Jersey, USA. Populations were monitored for germination and survivorship, as well as growth and fecundity of surviving plants. Neither shrub-associated shade nor litter depth affected seed germination, but both factors affected survivorship, growth and reproduction. The presence of shade from the shrubs reduced survivorship and seed set. Seeds germinating on top of the litter layer also experience higher mortality than seeds germinating under litter and in contact with soil. These results suggest that the interacting effects of shade from understory strata and deep litter layers may limit the spread of M. vimineum. The loss of shrub layers due to intense deer browse and other factors may thus accelerate the spread of this highly invasive species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum

Schramm

Ehrenfeld

2010

Biol Invasions

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“…This is an especially good recovery of bromide; Whitmer et al (2000) had a recovery of 48% and Keefe et al (2004) recovered as little as 16% from their wetland tracer experiments. It has been shown (Xu et al 2004) that both Pragmites autralis and Typha latifolia can uptake significant amounts of bromide within leaf and root structures; this is likely the main cause of bromide loss in these tracer tests. Tables 1 and 3 summarise the key statistics for iron removal of the two wetland systems evaluated, and also interprets these data using a number of performance metrics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determination of Hydraulic Residence Times in Several UK Mine Water Treatment Systems and their Relationship to Iron Removal

2009

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In the UK, the Coal Authority has more than 40 mine water treatment systems, most of which are wetland systems with settlement lagoon pretreatment. The purpose of treatment in wetlands is the oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron and the subsequent hydrolysis and precipitation of ferric hydroxide within the wetland. It is generally accepted (Hedin et al., Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, 1994, p 35; Skousen and Ziemkiewicz, Acid mine drainage control and treatment, 1996, p 362; Younger et al., Mine water: hydrology, pollution, remediation, 2002, p 442) that this process proceeds by a first-order rate law, although most systems are designed based on an areal removal rate (10 g/m 2 /day) developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Hedin et al., Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, 1994, p 35); this design guideline inherently assumes a constant removal rate. Given the actual kinetics of iron removal in wetlands, it follows that residence time will control iron removal; given the wide range of system geometries and aspects, it is logical to ascertain the actual hydraulic residence time of wetlands and settlement lagoons and determine the effect this has on iron removal. To make a preliminary assessment of this link, hydraulic residence time of two Coal Authority wetlands (Lambley and Whittle) and two Coal Authority settlement lagoons (Acomb East, Acomb West and Whittle) were measured using bromide tracer tests. Water samples for iron analysis and flow measurements were taken during each tracer test. The Lambley wetland performs well in terms of residence time, and, as reeds become established and adsorptive processes increase, its iron removal performance (currently 58% removal) may improve, but the low influent iron concentration appears to be a significant impediment to meeting the original performance target. In contrast, the hydraulic performance of the Whittle wetland system is poor, which appears to be due to accumulation of dead plant material coupled with a high length to width ratio. However, performance in terms of iron removal is good (92% removal), which appears to be due to the higher influent iron concentration, and especially the fact that the iron enters the wetland largely in particulate form. The longer residence time of water within the Acomb lagoons (&12 h) resulted in far more effective iron removal (72% in the east lagoon and 85% in the west lagoon) than the shorter residence time at Whittle (24% iron removal, &5 h residence time). Performance (in terms of iron removal) of the settlement lagoon systems appears to be far more closely related to the hydraulic residence time (albeit this conclusion must be tentative, given that only three systems have been investigated, and the Acomb system receives chemical addition). Based on this study, treatment system sizing using 100 m 2 lagoon area per 1 L/s flow appears to be a more appropriate basis for design rather than an areal iron removal rate.

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“…In this condition, As(III) is a predominant form, which is more available and mobile (Pierce and Moore 1982). The process of dissolved As movement to the rhizosediment can be explained by evapotranspiration that plants move the essential elements and water to their rhizosphere and then absorb them to survive (Xu et al 2004). Specially, for a chemical analog of P and As(V), they may be transported together to rhizosphere (Cao and Ma 2004).…”

Section: Residual Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural attenuation of arsenic in the wetland system around abandoned mining area

Kim

Park

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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Mechanisms of natural attenuation of arsenic (As) by wetland plants may be classified by plant uptake and adsorption and/or co-precipitation by iron (oxy)hydroxide formed on the root surface of plants or in rhizosediment. A natural Cattail (Typha spp.) wetland impacted by tailings containing high levels of As from the Myungbong abandoned Au Mine, South Korea was selected, and the practical capability of this wetland to attenuate As was evaluated. The As concentrations in the plant tissues from the study wetland were several-fold higher than those from control wetland. SEM-EDX analyses demonstrated that iron plaques exist on the rhizome surface. Moreover, relatively high As contents bonded with hydrous iron oxides were found in the rhizosediments rather than in the bulk sediments. It was revealed through the leaching and sequential extraction analyses that As existed as more stable forms in the wetland sediment compared with adjacent paddy soil, which is also contaminated with As due to input of mine tailings. The As concentration ratios of extracted solution to sediment/soil represented that the wetland sediment showed significant lower values (10-fold) rather than the paddy soil with indicating high As stability. Also, As in the wetland sediment was predominantly bonded with residual phases on the basis of results from sequential extraction analysis. From these results, it is concluded that transformation of As contaminated agricultural field to wetland environment may be helpful for natural attenuation until active remediation action.

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Uptake of Bromide by Two Wetland Plants (Typha latifolia L. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum

Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum

Determination of Hydraulic Residence Times in Several UK Mine Water Treatment Systems and their Relationship to Iron Removal

Natural attenuation of arsenic in the wetland system around abandoned mining area

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