Uptake and transport of radionuclides by stream sediments

Abstract

Introduction ______________________________ Disposal of radioactive wastes in streams. Radioactivity budget in streams. ________ Characteristics of radioactive wastes which are discharged into streams______________________________ Sources of wastes.

Development of a multimedia radionuclide exposure model for low-level waste management

“…Generally, the sediments eroded from the land surface are minute particles the size of silt and clay fines. As pointed out by Sayre et al (1963), the total surface area of 1-~ diameter clay is 1,000 times that for 1-mm-diameter sand for a given weight. Nelson et al (1966) showed that small silt-and clay-sized particles contain much greater concentrations of radionuclides than do coarser particles.…”

The Origin of the Total Alpha and Beta Radiation Values of the Waters of Çanakkale Strait (Çanakkale/Turkey)

“…Radioactivity in sea water is mainly due to the presence of radioactive elements in the Earth's crust (1). The radioactive concentrations of waters passing through volcanic masses are higher than those passing through sedimentary masses (2). Natural sources are significant in radiation dose assessments because the radiation people are exposed to during their lifetimes consists of 85% emitted from natural sources and 15% emitted from artificial sources (3,4).…”

Sediment-associated contaminants ? an overview of scientific bases for developing remedial options

“…In contrast to the eutrophication and acidification problems, research on toxic chemicals has included sediment aspects from its beginning: artificial radionuclides in the Columbia and Clinch Rivers (Sayre et al, 1963); heavy metals in the Rhine River system (DeGroot et al, 1966;Hellmann, 1970a, b); mercury (particularly hazardous organomercurials) in the Minamata area (Kitamura, 1968), in the Wabigoon River system (Armstrong et al, 1972), in Swedish lakes (H~kan-son, 1973;Jernel6v & Lann, 1973), in St. Clair/Detroit R. Laurentian Great Lakes (Cline et al, 1973;Thomas, 1974); organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in Lakes St. Clair and Erie (Leshniowsky et al, 1970;Frank et al, 1977); chlorobenzenes and TCDDs in the Niagara River system (Allan et al, 1983;Smith et al, 1983). The reason for this development was that more problematic substances in the toxic chemicals groups exhibited a characteristic tendency to be associated with particulates.…”