Uptake and Phytotoxicity of TNT in Onion Plant

Kim, Jaisoo; Drew, M. C.; Çorapçıoğlu, M. Yavuz

doi:10.1081/ese-120027743

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a hydroponic experiment (Kim et al, 2004), appreciably higher values of the TSCF for TNT were found (0.31-0.56), which is comparable to the reported calculated and experimental values ( Table 2). The value of 0.18 might be due to the single root and uptake limit in soil as described above.…”

Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The RCF determined in the present study was about 20 at 144 h and maybe greater with time based on the trend line ( Figure 7). Further, a hydroponics study (Kim et al, 2004) reported much higher RCF values for TNT: the highest RCF reported in the study was 150 and this value was lower at higher concentration. Since the plant roots in the hydroponics system take up TNT easily and directly without physico-chemical inhibition of soil, the RCF value would be higher in the hydroponics system than in the soil system.…”

Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It is simply proven through the comparison between RCF (1-100) and TSCF (0-0.8) values (Briggs et al, 1982). It is interesting to note that this RCF value is 5 to 7 times lower than the values obtained in a parallel hydroponic study (Kim et al, 2004), and that our TSCF value is 1.3 to 3 times lower. This observation raises the question of how the soil characteristics may influence the RCF and TSCF values.…”

Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Experimental study of solute transport and extraction by a single root in soil

et al. 2005

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The fate of 14 C-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ([U-14 C]TNT) in soil/plant systems was studied using onion (Allium cepa L.) plants with only a single root. It was found that the single roots grew exponentially and that the rate of water uptake of the onion plants increased exponentially, as well. The concentration of [U-14 C] in the roots at first increased and then appeared to reach a steady state, while the [U-14 C] concentration in the leaves was found to increase linearly with time. The [U-14 C] concentration in the rhizosphere increased gradually, while in the bulk soil it decreased slowly. The accumulation of [U-14 C] in the rhizosphere is likely to difference between movement into the rhizosphere (through advective mass flow of soil water by root uptake) and its uptake into the roots. The distribution of 14 C in the soil/plant system was found to be 60-85% in the soil solid phase, 7-11% in the soil liquid phase, < 1% in the soil air phase, < 1% in the root compartment, and < 0.01% in the leaf compartment. The maximum RCF (root concentration factor) value for TNT and its derivates was found to be about 20, and the maximum TSCF (transpiration stream concentration factor) was 0.18. These values can be changed by a variety of factors in soil-plant systems

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Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Partition Properties Between Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Experimental study of solute transport and extraction by a single root in soil

et al. 2005

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“…TSCF values from 26 studies ,,– ,– ,– were compiled from the literature and entered into a Microsoft Access database developed specifically to record available experimental information such as length of exposure, plant species, exposure concentration, experimental method (e.g., soil/hydroponics/pressure chamber), in addition to the TSCF value. The database is available at no cost from the authors upon request.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Hydrophobicity and Uptake by Plant Roots

Dettenmaier

Doucette

Bugbee

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

283

189

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The transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF), the ratio between a compound's concentration in the xylem to that in the solution adjacent to the roots, is commonly used to describe the relative ability of an organic compound to be passively transported from root to shoot. Widely cited bell-shaped curves relating TSCFto the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) imply that significant root uptake and transfer into shoot tissues occurs only for compounds falling within an intermediate hydrophobicity range. However, recent laboratory and field data for relatively water soluble compounds such as sulfolane, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and 1,4-dioxane suggest that these relationships are not universally applicable, especiallyfor nonionizable, highly polar, water soluble organics. To re-evaluate the relationship between root uptake and chemical hydrophobicity, TSCFs were measured for 25 organic chemicals ranging in log Kow from -0.8 to 5 using a pressure chamber technique. Using the TSCF values measured in this study, a new empirical relationship between TSCF (0 and 1) and log Kow (-0.8 to 5) is presented that indicates that nonionizable, polar, highly water soluble organic compounds are most likely to be taken up by plant roots and translocated to shoot tissue.

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“…All these experiments were hydroponic and the threshold value was expressed in mg/L (Kim et al 2004). This value is helpful for groundwater phytoremediation but, in the case of contaminated soil or sediment, more representative values are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity to and uptake of TNT by rice

Vila¹,

Lorber-Pascal²,

Laurent³

2008

Environ Geochem Health

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The contamination of the environment by explosives is a worldwide problem resulting in part from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) production. In situ phytoremediation is an appropriate, alternative, cost-effective technology to detoxify extended contamination of surface soil. The ability of rice (Oriza sativa) to both tolerate and assimilate 14C-labeled TNT was investigated over a 40-day exposure period. The germination rate decreased at 500 mg/kg TNT whereas root and shoot length increased significantly at high TNT concentrations, from 150 to 500 mg/kg. Rice took up TNT residues from soil and accumulated most in roots. Less than 25% of radioactivity taken up was translocated to aerial parts. Above 200 mg/kg TNT, the concentration of TNT residues in roots reached a maximum of approximately 0.7 mg/g. No TNT was found in plant extracts, good evidence for rapid metabolism of TNT. More than 60% of (14)C activity was found as unextractable residues in roots. It was concluded that TNT metabolized and subsequently sequestered by roots could not be translocated to aerial parts.

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Uptake and Phytotoxicity of TNT in Onion Plant

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental study of solute transport and extraction by a single root in soil

Experimental study of solute transport and extraction by a single root in soil

Chemical Hydrophobicity and Uptake by Plant Roots

Phytotoxicity to and uptake of TNT by rice

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