Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Molecules and Nanoparticles: Effects of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation

Huang, Min; Khor, Eugene; Lim, Lee Yong

doi:10.1023/b:pham.0000016249.52831.a5

Cited by 749 publications

(443 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This may be have been because of their cytotoxicity. 18) The most important finding obtained by the present study is that the 10 mass % gelatin-hybridized chelatesetting IP6-HAp/¡-TCP cement containing chondroitin 6-sulfate showed excellent bioresorbability at a relatively early stage of implantation into bone defects of a large animal. Kasuya et al prepared and implanted a conventional CPC hybridized with 10 mass % gelatin particles, which were the same as those we used, into trabecular bone defects of the distal femurs of rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Bioresorbability of chelate-setting calcium-phosphate cement hybridized with gelatin particles using a porcine tibial defect model

Kiminami

Nagata

Konishi

et al. 2018

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Calcium-phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used to reconstruct and augment bones. To enhance the clinical usefulness of these cements, researchers have put great effort into improving their material properties and bioresorbability. To create a novel bioresorbable CPC, we successfully incorporated gelatin particles into a chelate-setting CPC, whose powder component consisted of hydroxyapatite surface-modified with inositol hexaphosphate and ¡-tricalcium phosphate. We expected that interconnected macropores could be formed inside the cement specimen through the degradation of the gelatin particles, resulting in cellular infiltration, specimen bioresorption, and subsequent new bone formation. To verify this hypothesis, we evaluated the bioresorbability and bone-forming ability of a gelatin-hybridized CPC implanted for eight weeks into porcine tibial defects. We also assessed the effects on the bioresorbability of polysaccharides (chitosan and chondroitin 6-sulfate) included in the liquid component of the CPC. Micro-CT observations and histological evaluations revealed that the use of chondroitin 6-sulfate could lead to enhancement of the bioresorbability and boneforming ability. Of special note, the resorption rate reached nearly 85%, and new bone was observed at the resorbed sites inside the specimen. We conclude that gelatin-hybridized chelate-setting CPC containing chondroitin 6-sulfate is a promising bone substitute for non-load-bearing applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Bioresorbability of chelate-setting calcium-phosphate cement hybridized with gelatin particles using a porcine tibial defect model

Kiminami

Nagata

Konishi

et al. 2018

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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“…Membrane integrity is measured by uptake of the dye such as Neutral Red [74] and Trypan Blue [75]. The need for a reliable, rapid, inexpensive and reproducible quantitative in vitro assay for screening of nanoparticles is generally acknowledged.…”

Section: Necrosis Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

2017

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Nanotechnology has revolutionized gene therapy, diagnostics and environmental remediation. Their bulk production, uses and disposal have posed threat to the environment. With the appearance of these nanoparticles in the environment, their toxicity assessment is an immediate concern. This review is an attempt to summarize the major techniques used in cytotoxity determination. The review also presents a detailed and elaborative discussion on the toxicity imposed by different types of nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, fullerenes, aluminium nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles, titanium nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles. It discusses the in vitro and in vivo toxological effects of nanoparticles on bacteria, microalgae, zebrafish, crustacean, fish, rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, human cell lines and human. It also discusses toxological effects on organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, sperm, neural tissues, liver lysosomes, spleen macrophages, glioblastoma cells, hematoma cells and various mammalian cell lines. It provides information about the effects of nanoparticles on the gene-expression, growth and reproduction of the organisms.

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“…The gradual viability loss for more concentrated samples most probably stemmed from the cytotoxic effect of positively-charged surface of amine groups of CS [43]. Protonated amine groups can bind to the negatively charged cell membrane in a non-specific manner and cause cell toxicity both in vitro and in vivo [44,45]. For non-crosslinked thiol modified nanoparticles, the positive charge was higher (Table 3), resulting in a greater viability loss (compared to unmodified nanoparticles) [46].…”

Section: Cell Compatibility Of the Copolymers In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of Novel Chitosan-<em>g</em>-poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Amphiphilic Nanoparticles in a Model of Small Intestine <em>in Vitro</em>

Noi

Schlachet

Kumarasamy

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Engineering of drug nanocarriers combining fine-tuned mucoadhesive/mucopenetrating properties is currently being investigated to ensure more efficient mucosal drug delivery. Aiming to improve the transmucosal delivery of hydrophobic drugs, we designed a novel kind nanogel produced by the self-assembly of amphiphilic chitosan graft copolymers ionotropically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate. In this work, we synthesized for the first time chitosan-gpoly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles thiolated by the conjugation of N-acetyl cysteine. First, we confirmed that both non-crosslinked and crosslinked nanoparticles in the 0.05-0.1% w/v concentration range display very good cell compatibility in two cell lines that are relevant to oral delivery, Caco2 cells that mimic the intestinal epithelium and HT29-MTX cells that produce mucin. Then, we evaluated the effect of crosslinking, nanoparticle concentration and thiolation on the permeability in vitro utilizing monolayers of (i) Caco2 and (ii) Caco2:HT29-MTX cells (9:1 cell number ratio). Results confirmed that the ability of the nanoparticles to cross Caco2 monolayer was affected by the crosslinking. In addition, thiolated nanoparticles interact more strongly with mucin, resulting in a decrease of the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) compared to the pristine nanoparticles. Moreover, for all the nanoparticles, higher concentration resulted in lower Papp suggesting indicating that the transport pathways could undergo saturation.

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Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Molecules and Nanoparticles: Effects of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation

Cited by 749 publications

References 22 publications

Bioresorbability of chelate-setting calcium-phosphate cement hybridized with gelatin particles using a porcine tibial defect model

Bioresorbability of chelate-setting calcium-phosphate cement hybridized with gelatin particles using a porcine tibial defect model

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

Permeability of Novel Chitosan-<em>g</em>-poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Amphiphilic Nanoparticles in a Model of Small Intestine <em>in Vitro</em>

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