Uptake and bio-transformation of telmisartan by cress (Lepidium sativum) from sewage treatment plant effluents using high-performance liquid chromatography/drift-tube ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

In the present study, the uptake and metabolization of the sartan drug telmisartan by a series of plants was investigated. Thereby for seven potential metabolites, modifications on the telmisartan molecule such as hydroxylation and/or glycosylation could be tentatively identified. For two additional signals detected at accurate masses m/z 777.3107 and m/z 793.3096, no suggestions for molecular formulas could be made. Further investigations employing garden cress (Lepidium sativum) as a model plant were conducted. This was done in order to develop an analytical method allowing the detection of these substances also under environmentally relevant conditions. For this reason, the knowledge achieved from treatment of the plants with rather high concentrations of the parent drug (10 mg L−1) was compared with results obtained when using solutions containing telmisartan in the μg - ng L−1 range. Thereby the parent drug and up to three tentative drug-related metabolites could still be detected. Finally cress was cultivated in water taken from a local waste water treatment plant effluent containing 90 ng L−1 of telmisartan and harvested and the cress roots were extracted. In this extract, next to the parent drug one major metabolite, namely telmisartan-glucose could be identified.

Uptake, translocation, and metabolization of amitriptyline, lidocaine, orphenadrine, and tramadol by cress and pea

“…To study uptake, translocation, and metabolization of these compounds, two model plants (cress and pea) were selected, and a range of experiments was designed. As investigations on citalopram, atenolol (Reichl et al 2018 ), and telmisartan (Lang et al 2021 ) had already been published by our group, further work was restricted to the remaining four APIs (AMT, LDO, ORP, and TRM). The protocol for the preparation of extracts from fresh plant material was based on experience from research conducted in our lab throughout the last years (Emhofer et al 2018 , 2019 ; Reichl et al 2018 ) (for details, see the “ Preparation of plant extracts for tentative identification of metabolites ” section).…”

Analysis of N‐ and O‐linked site‐specific glycosylation by ion mobility mass spectrometry: State of the art and future directions

“…DTIMS operates under a constant electric field and measures the time it takes for a given ion to travel through a stationary buffer gas (Figure 3A) [115][116][117][118].…”

Uptake, Translocation and Metabolization of Tramadol, Amitriptyline, Orphenadrine and Lidocaine by Garden Cress, Pea and Water Hyacinth

“…*n.d. not detected These ndings were regarded as a starting point for conducting further studies on the uptake and the subsequential fate (translocation, metabolization) of these APIs in the model plants pea (Pisum sativum) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) cultivated in our laboratories. As investigations on citalopram, atenolol(Reichl et al 2018 ) and telmisartan(Lang et al 2021) had already been published by our group, further experiments were restricted to the remaining APIs (AMT,ORP,TRM, and LDO).…”