Ups and Downs of Mucosal Cellular Immunity against Protozoan Parasites

The nutritional background of the host alters the disease course in a fish–myxosporean system

“…Some dietary VOs and saturated FAs produce cellular damages in fish enterocytes due to the accumulation of lipid droplets (Olsen et al, 2000), but this damage was observed only with total FO replacement (Benedito-Palos et al, 2008). Other possible changes in the cellular architecture and composition of the digestive tract might favour parasite entrance and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium, through changes at the host-parasite interface (Yoshino et al, 2001), alterations of the gut barrier or the mucosal immunity (Kasper and Buzoni-Gatel, 2001), or alterations of the biochemical makeup of the cell membrane lipid rafts/caveolae microdomains (Chapkin et al, 2008). In fact, the effect of PLs, FAs and soybean meal on tight-junction permeability and therefore in bacterial translocation (Sawai et al, 2001), on fish intestinal mucus and bacterial adhesion (BakkeMcKellep et al, 2007;Schroers et al, 2008) have been reported.…”

CCR9+ T cells contribute to the resolution of the inflammatory response in a mouse model of intestinal amoebiasis

“…Intestinal IL-10 expression has been identified in E. histolytica susceptible mouse strains as well as in human epithelial cell lines exposed to amoeba-derived proteins (Sharma et al 2005;Kasper and Buzoni-Gatel 2001). In bone marrow-chimerical mice infected with E. histolytica, epithelial cell-derived IL-10 is proposed as the main mechanism to resolve inflammation.…”

Primary infection of goats with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae does not provide protective immunity against high challenge infections

“…So far, it remains to be elucidated if the fatal outcome of E. ninakohlyakimovae The intestinal homeostasis depends on the interaction of several compartments, including mesenteric lymph nodes, PP and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The enterocytes play a critical role in mucosal immunophysiology which in part consists of a paracrine association to the underlying immune and proinflammatory cells (Kasper and Buzoni-Gatel, 2001). Analyses on leucocyte gut infiltration after challenge infection revealed that cells of both innate and acquired immune system were recruited to the site of infection (Fig.…”