Upregulation of p53 through induction of MDM2 degradation: improved potency through the introduction of an alkylketone sidechain on the anthraquinone core

Abstract

Overexpression of ubiquitin ligase MDM2 causes depletion of the p53 tumour-suppressor and thus leads to cancer progression. In recent years, anthraquinone analogs have received significant attention due to their ability to downregulate MDM2, thereby promoting p53-induced apoptosis. Previously, we have developed potent anthraquinone compounds having the ability to upregulate p53 via inhibition of MDM2 in both cell culture and animal models of acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Earlier work was focussed on mechanistic work, pharmacological validation of this class of compounds in animal models, and mapping out structural space that allows for further modification and optimisation. Herein, we describe our work in optimising the substituents on the two phenol hydroxyl groups. It was found that the introduction of an alkylketone moiety led to a potent series of analogs with BW-AQ-350 being the most potent compound yet (IC 50 = 0.19 ± 0.01 µM) which exerts cytotoxicity by inducing MDM2 degradation and p53 upregulation.

Current understanding and future prospects on Berberine for anticancer therapy

“…p53 plays a critical role in BBR's anti‐tumour effect. Research suggests BBR may upregulate p53 expression by inhibiting MDM2 post‐transcriptionally (Chrysovergis et al, 2019; Draganov et al, 2019; Shukla et al, 2016; Tripathi et al, 2022). BBR may intensify the expression of the main precursor molecule, and mature miR 23a, which could exacerbate G2/M cell cycle arrest.…”