Upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 after unilateral nerve injury in the peripheral taste system

Cavallin, Melissa Ann; McCluskey, Lynnette Phillips

doi:10.1002/jnr.21128

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We favor the latter because experimental alterations of immune function also impact taste function. Data consistent with this view include 1) experimental upregulation of the immune system with LPS, even in uncut rats, increases taste responses to sodium salts (39); 2) an attenuation of immune function by dietary sodium restriction after CTX leads to altered taste function in the contralateral, intact nerve (6,7,32,33); 3) the timecourse of functional changes following CTX can be predicted by the timecourse of immune alterations (46); and 4) the magnitude of functional effect on the intact chorda tympani nerve is generally related to the amount of injury and the distance from the nerve's receptive field (22). All of these taste Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Previous research demonstrated that sodium restriction leads to an attenuation of chorda tympani nerve responses to sodium salts when combined with nerve or lingual epithelial injury, also resulting in an attenuated lingual macrophage response to injury (6,7,22,32,33,39). Stimulating the immune response with LPS injections eliminates these differences (6,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In previous work, dietary sodium restriction inhibited the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on lingual vessels after CTX (7). This adhesion molecule stimulates monocyte extravasation to injured tissues where they become macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We demonstrate that 2 days of aldosterone blocks the activated macrophage response to neural injury. The mineralocorticoid is typically given for weeks in models of artherosclerosis (7,31,44). It appears that long-term administration of aldosterone along with ongoing vascular injury in hypertensive rats potentiates inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Evidence suggests this change in sodium taste responses and sensitivity to amiloride is at least partially due to a suppressed immune system in sodium-restricted rats (6,7,32,33). In rats fed a sodium-replete diet, chorda tympani nerve transection increases activated macrophages in lingual epithelium, while sodium-restricted rats fail to show the transection-induced macrophage response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Attenuation of peripheral salt taste responses and local immune function contralateral to gustatory nerve injury: effects of aldosterone

Guagliardo

West

McCluskey

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Dietary sodium restriction coupled with axotomy of the rat chorda tympani nerve (CTX) results in selectively attenuated taste responses to sodium salts in the contralateral, intact chorda tympani nerve. Converging evidence indicates that sodium deficiency also diminishes the activated macrophage response to injury on both the sectioned and contralateral, intact sides of the tongue. Because a sodium-restricted diet causes a robust increase in circulating aldosterone, we tested the hypothesis that changes in neurophysiological and immune responses contralateral to the CTX could be mimicked by aldosterone administration instead of the low-sodium diet. Taste responses in rats with CTX and supplemental aldosterone for 4-6 days were similar to rats with CTX and dietary sodium restriction. Responses to sodium salts were as much as 50% lower compared with sham-operated and vehicle-supplemented rats. The group-related functional differences were eliminated with lingual application of amiloride, suggesting that a major transduction pathway affected was through epithelial sodium channels. Consistent with the functional results, few macrophages were observed on either side of the tongue in rats with CTX and aldosterone. In contrast, macrophages were elevated on both sides of the tongue in rats with CTX and the vehicle. These results show that sodium deficiency or administration of aldosterone suppresses the immune response to neural injury, resulting in attenuation of peripheral gustatory function. They also show a potential key link among downstream consequences of sodium imbalance, taste function, and immune activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Attenuation of peripheral salt taste responses and local immune function contralateral to gustatory nerve injury: effects of aldosterone

Guagliardo

West

McCluskey

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Functional role for interleukin‐1 in the injured peripheral taste system

Shi

Sarvepalli

et al. 2012

J of Neuroscience Research

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The peripheral taste system presents an excellent model for studying the consequences of neural injury, for the damaged nerve and sensory cells and the neighboring, intact neural cells. Sectioning a primary afferent nerve, the chorda tympani (CT), rapidly recruits neutrophils to both sides of the tongue. The bilateral neutrophil response induces transient functional deficits in the intact CT. Normal function is subsequently restored as macrophages respond to injury. We hypothesized that macrophages produce the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1, which contributes to the maintenance of normal taste function after nearby injury. We demonstrate that IL-1β protein levels are significantly increased on the injured side of the tongue at day 2 after injury. Dietary sodium deficiency, a manipulation which prevents macrophage recruitment, inhibits the elevation in IL-1β. IL-1β was expressed in several cell populations, including taste receptor cells and infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. To test whether IL-1 modulates taste function after injury, we blocked signaling with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA) and recorded taste responses from the intact CT. This treatment inhibited the bilateral macrophage response to injury, and impaired taste responses in the intact CT. Cytokine actions in the taste system are largely unstudied. These results demonstrate that IL-1 has a beneficial effect on taste function after nearby injury, in contrast to its detrimental role in the injured central nervous system (CNS).

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Immune cells of the human peripheral taste system: Dominant dendritic cells and CD4 T cells

Feng¹,

Yee²,

Rawson³

et al. 2009

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Taste loss or alterations can seriously impact health and quality of life due to the resulting negative influence on eating habits and nutrition. Infection and inflammation are thought to be some of the most common causes of taste perception disorders. Supporting this view, neuro-immune interactions in the peripheral gustatory system have been identified, underlying the importance of this tissue in mucosal immunity, but we have little understanding of how these interactions influence taste perception directly or indirectly. This limited understanding is evident by the lack of even a basic knowledge of the resident immune cell populations in or near taste tissues. The present study characterized the distribution and population of the major immune cells and their subsets in healthy human anterior, lingual, fungiform papillae (FP) using immunohistochemistry. Dendritic cells (DCs) were the predominant innate immune cells in this tissue, including four subtypes: CD11c+ DCs, DC-SIGN+ immature DCs, CD83+ mature DCs, and CD1a+ DCs (Langerhans cells). While most DCs were localized beneath the lamina propria and only moderately in the epithelium, CD1a + Langerhans cells were exclusively present within the epithelium and not in sub-strata. A small number of macrophages were observed. T lymphocytes were present throughout the FP with CD4+ T cells more prevalent than CD8+ T cells. Very few CD19+ B lymphocytes were detected. The results show that DCs, macrophages, and T lymphocytes are the constitutive guardians of human FP taste tissue, with DCs and CD4 T cells being dominant, while B lymphocytes are rare under normal, healthy conditions These observations provide a basic anatomical foundation for the immune response in the healthy human tongue as a basis for subsequent disease-related studies, but none of the present data indicate that the immune cell populations identified are, in fact, altered in individuals with abnormal taste perception.

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Upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 after unilateral nerve injury in the peripheral taste system

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Attenuation of peripheral salt taste responses and local immune function contralateral to gustatory nerve injury: effects of aldosterone

Attenuation of peripheral salt taste responses and local immune function contralateral to gustatory nerve injury: effects of aldosterone

Functional role for interleukin‐1 in the injured peripheral taste system

Immune cells of the human peripheral taste system: Dominant dendritic cells and CD4 T cells

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