Upregulation of co‐stimulatory molecule expression and dendritic cell marker (CD83) on B cells in periodontal disease

Abstract

T cells and their cytokines are well known for their important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. To date, the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs), which are known to be critical in the regulation of T cell response, has been poorly investigated in periodontitis. In this study, we analyzed the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and CD83, which is a marker of mature dendritic cells, on gingival cells that were isolated from severe periodontitis tissues, with the use of flow cytometry. Significant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 expression was detected in periodontitis lesions, and most of this occurred on B cells. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures showed that stimulation with different periodontopathic bacteria, that included Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinomyces viscosus, upregulated both CD86 and CD83 expression on B cells. Therefore, the presence of plaque bacteria may be responsible for the enhanced expression seen in vivo on gingival B cells. APC function by bacterial-activated B cells was further investigated using allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions. After 24 h culture with either A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, these activated B cells performed as potent APCs in mixed leukocyte reactions, and they stimulated T cells to produce high levels of gamma interferon and minimal interleukin-5. In conclusion, periodontopathic bacterial-induced B cell activation with upregulation of CD86 and CD83 may be associated with enhanced APC function. The results of this study suggest, therefore, that infiltrated gingival B cells have a possible role as APCs in the regulation and maintenance of local T cell response in periodontitis.

Langerin-expressing and CD83-expressing cells in oral lichen planus lesions

“…Macrophages have the capacity to express CD83 in pathological conditions [27]. B cells may express CD83 in inflamed tissue [28]. However, B cells have been reported not to be present to a major extent in OLP [29].…”

Human dendritic cells respond to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS by promoting a Th2 effector response in vitro

“…It is extremely important, however, to establish whether P. gingivalis LPS induces a Th2-effector response in the human system, in which the disease chronic periodontitis (CP) occurs. CP patients have elevated local levels of both Th2-and Th1-biasing cytokines (reviewed in [13,14]) and increased local numbers of DC subpopulations [15][16][17][18][19], CD4 + T cells [13][14][15][16] and B cells / plasma cells [14,20]. Many reports cite the induction of a strong humoral immune response towards P. gingivalis in adult periodontitis subjects (reviewed in [21]), including evidence for induction of high IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis LPS [22], with elevated IgG4 [23,24].…”

Human Memory B Cells in Healthy Gingiva, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis

“…The method for obtaining single-cell suspensions from gingival tissues was modified from the method that was described by Mahanonda et al (19). Briefly, the tissues were washed in RPMI 1640 medium and cut into small fragments (1-2 mm 3 ).…”