Upregulation of chemokine expression in murine cornea due to mechanical trauma or endotoxin

Pillai, Radhakrishna G.; Beutelspacher, Sven C.; Larkin, Frank; George, Andrew J.T.

doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.115923

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Corneal sutures induce an upregulation of proinflammatory chemokines with consecutive influx of inflammatory lymphocytes, corneal edema and increased conjunctival blood flow [18]. Also, corneal sutures resemble the preferential location for T-cells and macrophages for up to 4 weeks post surgery [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of Immune Cell Dynamics in Corneal Lymphatic Vessels

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe role of lymphatic vessels in tissue and organ transplantation as well as in tumor growth and metastasis has drawn great attention in recent years.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe now developed a novel method using non-invasive two-photon microscopy to simultaneously visualize and track specifically stained lymphatic vessels and autofluorescent adjacent tissues such as collagen fibrils, blood vessels and immune cells in the mouse model of corneal neovascularization in vivo. The mouse cornea serves as an ideal tissue for this technique due to its easy accessibility and its inducible and modifiable state of pathological hem- and lymphvascularization.Neovascularization was induced by suture placement in corneas of Balb/C mice. Two weeks after treatment, lymphatic vessels were stained intravital by intrastromal injection of a fluorescently labeled LYVE-1 antibody and the corneas were evaluated in vivo by two-photon microscopy (TPM). Intravital TPM was performed at 710 nm and 826 nm excitation wavelengths to detect immunofluorescence and tissue autofluorescence using a custom made animal holder. Corneas were then harvested, fixed and analyzed by histology.Time lapse imaging demonstrated the first in vivo evidence of immune cell migration into lymphatic vessels and luminal transport of individual cells. Cells immigrated within 1–5.5 min into the vessel lumen. Mean velocities of intrastromal corneal immune cells were around 9 µm/min and therefore comparable to those of T-cells and macrophages in other mucosal surfaces.ConclusionsTo our knowledge we here demonstrate for the first time the intravital real-time transmigration of immune cells into lymphatic vessels. Overall this study demonstrates the valuable use of intravital autofluorescence two-photon microscopy in the model of suture-induced corneal vascularizations to study interactions of immune and subsequently tumor cells with lymphatic vessels under close as possible physiological conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of Immune Cell Dynamics in Corneal Lymphatic Vessels

et al. 2011

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“…In the eye, upregulation of lymphotactin expression is found in the mouse cornea after mechanical trauma or endotoxin exposure, and may be related to early corneal graft rejection [23]. However, the actual role of lymphotactin in the mechanism of ocular inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis, remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Expressions of lymphotactin and its receptor, XCR, in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis

Yeh

Lin

et al. 2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…RT-PCR revealed a similar increase of the MCP-1 and RANTES mRNA expression in liver homogenates, suggesting that the elevation of circulating CC chemokines might be of hepatic origin [27][28][29][30]. Both CC chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES have been reported increased after surgery and trauma [5,26,[33][34][35]. These CC chemokines serve as chemotactic and stimulating factors, modulating the host immune response to infection by direct effects on differentiating T-cells and indirect effects on antigen-presenting cells and playing a role in angiogenesis and the healing process [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Oxidative stress due to anesthesia and surgical trauma: Importance of early enteral nutrition

Kotzampassi

Kolios²,

Manousou

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Anesthesia and surgical trauma are considered major oxidative and nitrosative stress effectors resulting in the development of SIRS. In this study we evaluated the usefulness of early enteral nutrition after surgical trauma. Sixty male Wistar rats were subjected to midline laparotomy and feeding-gastrostomy. Twenty of these rats served as controls after recovering from the operation stress. The remaining rats received, through gastrostomy, enteral nutrition or placebo-feeding for 24 h. Oxidative stress markers and CC chemokine production were evaluated in rat serum and liver tissue. The operation itself was found to increase nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and to decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as liver tissue energy charge (EC) in relation to controls. The rats receiving enteral feeding exhibited statistically significantly lower levels of NO and MDA, and higher levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and liver EC, in relation to placebo feeding rats. The operation significantly increased the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES) in rat serum, while enteral nutrition caused a further significant increase in chemokine levels in serum. mRNA chemokine expression in liver was increased in a similar pattern. These findings indicate that early enteral feeding might play an important role after surgery ameliorating oxidative stress, affecting positively the hepatic EC and regulating, via chemokine production, cell trafficking, and healing process.

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Upregulation of chemokine expression in murine cornea due to mechanical trauma or endotoxin

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of Immune Cell Dynamics in Corneal Lymphatic Vessels

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of Immune Cell Dynamics in Corneal Lymphatic Vessels

Expressions of lymphotactin and its receptor, XCR, in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis

Oxidative stress due to anesthesia and surgical trauma: Importance of early enteral nutrition

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