Upper to Lower Limb Coordination Dynamics in Swimming Depending on Swimming Speed and Aquatic Environment Manipulations

Guignard, Brice; Rouard, Annie; Chollet, Didier; Bonifazi, Marco; Vedova, Dario Dalla; Hart, John; Seifert, Ludovic

doi:10.1123/mc.2018-0026

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, upper limb asymmetry does not seem to be related to the level of force, power, or speed developed. A study of swimmers also found no relationship between swimming speed with a higher frequency of arm movements and coordination asymmetry 45 . In the present study, mean arm cranking velocity recorded at the beginning of the test did not differ between LP and HP players.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…A study of swimmers also found no relationship between swimming speed with a higher frequency of arm movements and coordination asymmetry. 45 In the present study, mean arm cranking velocity recorded at the beginning of the test did not differ between LP and HP players. Velocity seemed to increase to a similar extent across participants during the first 10s.…”

Section: Association Between Asymmetry and Performance Variablescontrasting

confidence: 41%

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Upper limb cranking asymmetry during a Wingate anaerobic test in wheelchair basketball players

Brassart

Faupin

Hays

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Interlimb asymmetry of strength and/or motor coordination could limit the performance of wheelchair athletes or increase their risk of injury. Studies of interlimb asymmetry in the lower limbs have shown high between‐subject variability that does not depend on the side of dominance and that does not change with fatigue. Upper limb asymmetry is particularly large in manual wheelchair athletes with a lower degree of impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate interlimb asymmetry of forces developed during an upper limb Wingate anaerobic test, the effects of fatigue on force, and differences between high‐ and low‐point players. Method Twenty‐five wheelchair basketball players (13 females and 12 males) of male and female national French teams performed a 30s anaerobic Wingate test on an arm ergometer. Participants were classified into two functional categories, high‐point (classed from 3 to 4.5) and low‐point (classed from 1 to 2.5), according to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation classification. Left and right arm forces were measured during the pushing and pulling phases at peak power, 10s, and the end of the 30s test. Results Upper limb asymmetry changed with fatigue during each phase. Force asymmetry differed between peak power, 10s and 30s, with no consistent increase or decrease. Asymmetry did not differ significantly between low‐ and high‐point players but tended to be greater in high‐point players. Asymmetry tended to be greater in the females, with significant differences between the males and females in the push phase. Conclusion Inter‐subject variability was high, but forces were asymmetric for most participants, especially females. The Wingate anaerobic test could highlight problematic asymmetries that might impact daily life or sports performance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Association Between Asymmetry and Performance Variablescontrasting

confidence: 41%

Upper limb cranking asymmetry during a Wingate anaerobic test in wheelchair basketball players

Brassart

Faupin

Hays

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…According to the first author's main affiliation, most studies are from Australia (14-Interlimb Asymmetries in Swimming 20.3%), followed by Brazil (10-16.7%), followed by France and United States with 7 studies each (11.7%). Seventeen studies (28.3%) reported some funding (3,6,17,19,23,29,38,49,(51)(52)(53)(54)57,65,66,76,77).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlimb Asymmetries in Swimming and Their Impact on Performance: Evidence From a Scoping Review

Knihs¹,

Bishop

Zimmermann

et al. 2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

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The objectives of this review were to (a) map the studies analyzing bilateral asymmetries in specific (in-water tests) and nonspecific (dry-land tests) swimming contexts and (b) investigate the effects of interlimb asymmetries on swimming performance. Searches were systematically conducted on 4 databases. Of 768 studies examined, 60 were eligible for the final selection (https://osf.io/46gya). Twenty-eight studies analyzed asymmetries during in-water tests, with asymmetry values ranging from 2.7 to 60.0%, and most studies (n = 18) reported significant between-limb differences (p < 0.05). Asymmetries were also analyzed during dry-land tests in 24 studies, with asymmetry values ranging from 1.1 to 16.6%. Interestingly, most of these studies (n = 12) did not verify any significant between-limb differences (p > 0.05). Eight studies measured asymmetries in both contexts and reported asymmetry values from −24.1–17.4%, with 4 studies finding significant differences between body sides (p < 0.05). Seven of the 60 studies selected investigated the relationship between asymmetries and swimming performance, with 5 reporting no meaningful associations. In conclusion, significant asymmetries in swimming are more evident during in-water than during dry-land tests. In addition, the few studies investigating asymmetries' influence on swimming performance reported that asymmetries rarely impact swimming performance.

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“…26 Constraints can be manipulated such that the desired movement emerges through a process of self-organisation, rather than via prescriptive (explicit) instruction. For example, Guignard et al 27 manipulated the swimming speed (task constraint) and the fluid flow (environmental constraint) in a flume and reported that elite swimmers adapted their open pool technique to maintain performance by changing their arm-to-leg coordination pattern, without any explicit instruction to do so.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skill acquisition practices of coaches on the British Para swimming World Class Programme

Powell

Wood

Kearney

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This study set out to gain insight into the practices adopted by elite level Paralympic swimming coaches and to shed light on the knowledge and rationale underpinning their approaches. Coaching sessions were delivered by nine senior coaches from the British Para swimming (BPS) World Class Programme. A coaching session was observed from each coach and a semi-structured interview was recorded and transcribed to explore their intentions and rationale for the structure and content of the session delivered. Results indicated that coaches: (i) predominantly emphasised internal focus instruction and feedback cues, (ii) incorporated relatively low levels of between-skill variability and higher levels of within-skill variability, and (iii) applied mostly explicit learning techniques such as part-task training and verbal feedback, but also incorporated some implicit learning techniques such as analogies and constraints-based learning. Interview data indicated coaches had limited knowledge of key skill acquisition principles. The study serves to highlight potential gaps in understanding on the side of both research and applied practice in the hope of facilitating future collaborations between coaches and skill acquisition practitioners.

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Upper to Lower Limb Coordination Dynamics in Swimming Depending on Swimming Speed and Aquatic Environment Manipulations

Abstract: Upper-to-lower limb coordination dynamics in swimming depending on swimming speed and aquatic environment manipulations. Motor control, 1-25.

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Upper limb cranking asymmetry during a Wingate anaerobic test in wheelchair basketball players

Upper limb cranking asymmetry during a Wingate anaerobic test in wheelchair basketball players

Interlimb Asymmetries in Swimming and Their Impact on Performance: Evidence From a Scoping Review

Skill acquisition practices of coaches on the British Para swimming World Class Programme

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