Upper Respiratory Tract Microbial Communities, Acute Otitis Media Pathogens, and Antibiotic Use in Healthy and Sick Children

Pettigrew, Melinda M.; Laufer, Alison S.; Gent, Janneane F.; Kong, Yong; Fennie, Kristopher; Metlay, Joshua P.

doi:10.1128/aem.01051-12

Cited by 160 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…smokers have been observed to have less abundant Corynebacterium than nonsmokers (6,14,17). However, in this study, cigarette smoke exposure did not significantly alter the levels of Corynebacterium and Lactococcus in the presence of established nasal pneumococcal colonization (Fig.…”

Section: Figcontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Cigarette smoke exposure may also promote other synergistic interactions between S. pneumoniae and these potential pathogenic bacteria, such as cross-feeding and coaggregation, to promote their growth. A decrease in Corynebacterium and Lactococcus bacteria has been previously reported to correlate with URT pneumococcal colonization in children, and smoking adults had less abundant Corynebacterium bacteria (6,14,17). We show that nasal pneumococcal colonization over the background of cigarette smoke exposure did not impact the levels of Corynebacterium and Lactococcus compared to established nasal pneumococcal colonization in room air-exposed control mice.…”

Section: Cigarette Smoke and The Nasal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 52%

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

et al. 2017

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Smokers have nasal microbiota dysbiosis, with an increased frequency of colonizing bacterial pathogens. It is possible that cigarette smoke increases pathogen acquisition by perturbing the microbiota and decreasing colonization resistance. However, it is difficult to disentangle microbiota dysbiosis due to cigarette smoke exposure from microbiota changes caused by increased pathogen acquisition in human smokers. Using an experimental mouse model, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on the nasal microbiota in the absence and presence of nasal pneumococcal colonization. We observed that cigarette smoke exposure alone did not alter the nasal microbiota composition. The microbiota composition was also unchanged at 12 h following low-dose nasal pneumococcal inoculation, suggesting that the ability of the microbiota to resist initial nasal pneumococcal acquisition was not impaired in smoke-exposed mice. However, nasal microbiota dysbiosis occurred as a consequence of established high-dose nasal pneumococcal colonization at day 3 in smoke-exposed mice. Similar to clinical reports on human smokers, an enrichment of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera such as Fusobacterium, Gemella, and Neisseria was observed. Our findings suggest that cigarette smoke exposure predisposes to pneumococcal colonization independent of changes to the nasal microbiota and that microbiota dysbiosis observed in smokers may occur as a consequence of established pathogen colonization.KEYWORDS bacterial colonization, cigarette smoke, microbiota, mouse model, Streptococcus pneumoniae, upper respiratory tract T he microbiota plays an important role in food metabolism, modulates the host immune system, and offers protection from pathogen invasion, termed "colonization resistance" (1-3). Bacteria colonize the skin, as well as mucosal surfaces, including the oral cavity, gut, vagina, upper respiratory tract (URT), and lungs (4-7). Emerging evidence suggests that cigarette smoke exposure is associated with URT microbiota dysbiosis and increases the frequency of asymptomatic nasal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and several other pathogens (8-11). An increased incidence of nasal pneumococcal colonization, in turn, contributes to the increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) observed in smokers and cigarette smoke-exposed mice (12, 13).Cigarette smoke exposure is an environmental stress that may perturb the balanced

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Section: Figcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Cigarette Smoke and The Nasal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 52%

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

et al. 2017

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“…Also, we observed a decrease in colonization by S. pneumoniae relative to NTHI among OM prone subjects. It is theorized this trend is possibly due to recent antibiotic use within this subset of children [52]. Given that OM prone children in our study were recruited at the time of tympanometry tube insertion, these data fit well with such a hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Copy Number Variation of the Beta Defensin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 8p Influences the Bacterial Microbiota within the Nasopharynx of Otitis-Prone Children

et al. 2014

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As there is increasing evidence that aberrant defensin expression is related to susceptibility for infectious disease and inflammatory disorders, we sought to determine if copy number of the beta-defensin gene cluster located on chromosome 8p23.1 (DEFB107, 106, 105, 104, 103, DEFB4 and SPAG11), that shows copy number variation as a block, was associated with susceptibility to otitis media (OM). The gene DEFB103 within this complex encodes human beta defensin-3 (hBD-3), an antimicrobial peptide (AP) expressed by epithelial cells that line the mammalian airway, important for defense of mucosal surfaces and previously shown to have bactericidal activity in vitro against multiple human pathogens, including the three that predominate in OM. To this end, we conducted a retrospective case-control study of 113 OM prone children and 267 controls aged five to sixty months. We identified the copy number of the above defined beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB-CN) in each study subject by paralogue ratio assays. The mean DEFB-CN was indistinguishable between subjects classified as OM prone based on a recent history of multiple episodes of OM and control subjects who had no history of OM (4.4±0.96 versus 4.4±1.08, respectively: Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.16 (95% CI: 0.61, 2.20). Despite a lack of direct association, we observed a statistically significant correlation between DEFB-CN and nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization patterns. Collectively, our findings suggested that susceptibility to OM might be mediated by genetic variation among individuals, wherein a DEFB-CN less than 4 exerts a marked influence on the microbiota of the nasopharynx, specifically with regard to colonization by the three predominant bacterial pathogens of OM.

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“…Thus, the data suggest that, in addition to its well-known anti-inflammatory effects, intranasal steroid spray might have microbiological effects. The clinical implication of the increases in Dolosigranulum and Simonsiella with intranasal steroid spray is still unknown, but Dolosigranulum has been associated with decreased risk for acute otitis media in pediatric patients 23 and characterized primarily in children using culture-independent methods 23,24 , whereas Simonsiella has been described as commensal oral bacteria 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of saline irrigation and topical corticosteroids on the postsurgical sinonasal microbiota

Liu

Kohanski

Mendiola

et al. 2014

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Introduction Topical treatments with nasal saline irrigation, topical steroid sprays, or corticosteroid rinses can improve sinonasal symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the impact of these therapies on commensals (Corynebacterium) and on biofilm pathogens associated with CRS (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas) is not well characterized. Methods Paired nasal and sinus swabs were collected endoscopically from 28 controls and 14 CRS patients with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) who had not received systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the previous eight weeks. Total DNA from swab eluents were extracted and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. A total 359,077 reads were obtained and classified taxonomically. The association of use of topical therapies with sinonasal microbiota composition was assessed by factor and vector-fitting. The proportional abundances of sinonasal bacteria between topical therapy users and non-users were further compared by two-tailed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test among controls and among CRSwNP participants. Result Nasal saline irrigation, with or without added budesonide, was not associated with significantly distinct sinonasal microbiota composition or significantly decreased Pseudomonas or S. aureus abundances among either controls or CRSwNP participants. Corynebacterium was slightly lower in controls that reported using saline irrigation than those who did not. No significant association was found between nasal saline irrigation and the proportional abundances of Pseudomonas, S. aureus, and Corynebacterium in CRSwNP participants. However, male CRSwNP patients were noted to have significantly higher Corynebacterium proportional abundances than their female counterparts. The use of topical steroid sprays was associated with a distinct microbiota in control subjects, characterized by higher proportional abundances of Dolosigranulum and Simonsiella and a lower proportional abundance of Campylobacter. Conclusion Nasal saline irrigation is not associated with a distinct alteration in the proportional abundance of commensal bacteria or biofilm-forming pathogens in CRSwNP patients. However, use of topical intranasal corticosteroid sprays in control subjects is associated with a distinct sinonasal microbiota.

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Upper Respiratory Tract Microbial Communities, Acute Otitis Media Pathogens, and Antibiotic Use in Healthy and Sick Children

Abstract: ABSTRACTThe composition of the upper respiratory tract microbial community may influence the risk for colonization by the acute otitis media (AOM) pathogensStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalis. We used culture-independent methods to de… Show more

Cited by 160 publications

References 65 publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

Copy Number Variation of the Beta Defensin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 8p Influences the Bacterial Microbiota within the Nasopharynx of Otitis-Prone Children

Impact of saline irrigation and topical corticosteroids on the postsurgical sinonasal microbiota

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