Upper respiratory tract disease in captive orangutans (Pongo sp.): prevalence in 20 European zoos and predisposing factors

Zimmermann, Nina; Pirovino, M; Zingg, Robert M.; Clauss, Marcus; Kaup, F.‐J.; Heistermann, Michael; Hatt, Jean‐Michel; Steinmetz, Hanspeter W.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00490.x

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…a feature passively formed by functional surrounding structures, but its evolutionary retention and inheritance in a given lineage should confer some evolutionary advantages that conquer some known disadvantages this feature has, e.g. risk of sinus inflammation, polypoids, and aplasia and hypoplasia, which produce malformation in the cheek surface and orbital floor (Dumonceaux et al, 1997;Koppe et al, 2006;Zimmermann et al, 2011;. The advantages of such a spandrel-like feature are probably varied for different clades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Mori

Hanida

Kumahata

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The nasal passages mainly adjust the temperature and humidity of inhaled air to reach the alveolar condition required in the lungs. By contrast to most other non-human primates, macaque monkeys are distributed widely among tropical, temperate and subarctic regions, and thus some species need to condition the inhaled air in cool and dry ambient atmospheric areas. The internal nasal anatomy is believed to have undergone adaptive modifications to improve the airconditioning performance. Furthermore, the maxillary sinus (MS), an accessory hollow communicating with the nasal cavity, is found in macaques, whereas it is absent in most other extant Old World monkeys, including savanna monkeys. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics simulations to simulate the airflow and heat and water exchange over the mucosal surface in the nasal passage. Using the topology models of the nasal cavity with and without the MS, we demonstrated that the MS makes little contribution to the airflow pattern and the air-conditioning performance within the nasal cavity in macaques. Instead, the inhaled air is conditioned well in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity before reaching the MS in both macaques and savanna monkeys. These findings suggest that the evolutionary modifications and coetaneous variations in the nasal anatomy are rather independent of transitions and variations in the climate and atmospheric environment found in the habitats of macaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Mori

Hanida

Kumahata

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…3 Other possible predisposing factors may include exposure to human pathogens, overcrowding with fecal contamination of the environment, stressrelated immunosuppression, and altered airway flora related to chronic antibiotic use. 12 In an effort to evaluate the cause and prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in orangutans, a study of medical records of 201 orangutans from 20 European zoos demonstrated a possible genetic association, as diseased animals were related to animals with respiratory disease 93% of the time and healthy animals were related to diseased animals only 54% of the time. 12 The signs of chronic respiratory disease in orangutans are clinically similar to human cases of cystic fibrosis (CF).…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 In an effort to evaluate the cause and prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in orangutans, a study of medical records of 201 orangutans from 20 European zoos demonstrated a possible genetic association, as diseased animals were related to animals with respiratory disease 93% of the time and healthy animals were related to diseased animals only 54% of the time. 12 The signs of chronic respiratory disease in orangutans are clinically similar to human cases of cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is an inherited disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SINUSITIS, BRONCHIECTASIS, AND FLATUS IN A SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII): COULD THIS BE CYSTIC FIBROSIS?

Stringer¹,

Cossaboon²,

Han³

et al. 2016

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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A 31-yr-old male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) presented with 14 yr of chronic purulent nasal drainage and cough with intermittent exacerbation of symptoms requiring systemic antibiotic treatment. He was diagnosed with a cystic fibrosis (CF)-like condition. Evaluation consisted of bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, culture, and computed tomography scanning of the sinuses and chest. Although the presence of low fecal elastase activity increased the suspicion for a diagnosis of CF, pilocarpine iontophoresis with sweat collection and analysis ("sweat testing") was inconclusive. Medical management included twice-daily nebulization with bronchodilators and alternating month inhaled antibiotics, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and simethicone as needed. Sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms improved substantially with treatment. Several years later, the animal died acutely of colonic volvulus. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed CF-like lung disease with chronic air sacculitis.

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“…During offspring development, postnatal parental care is imperative. Individuals deprived of breast milk lack certain nutritional elements micronutrients and lipids, which reduce bioactive agents controlling anti-inflammatory and immunological agents, leaving individuals more susceptible to illness and disease, particularly when other aspects of their care are neglected [Goldman, 2002;Lubach and Coe, 2006;Zimmerman et al, 2011]. All of these implications are widely acknowledged, and zoological establishments are encouraging maternal care and natural grouping patterns to reduce unwanted behavioural and developmental consequences, psychological discomfort and stress [Sodaro and Weber, 2000;Wolfensohn and Honess, 2005;Porton and Niebruegge, 2006].…”

Section: Freedom From Fear Distress and Negative Psychological Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos

Nekaris

Musing²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2016

IJFP

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Videos, memes and images of pet slow lorises have become increasingly popular on the Internet. Although some video sites allow viewers to tag material as ‘animal cruelty', no site has yet acknowledged the presence of cruelty in slow loris videos. We examined 100 online videos to assess whether they violated the ‘five freedoms' of animal welfare and whether presence or absence of these conditions contributed to the number of thumbs up and views received by the videos. We found that all 100 videos showed at least 1 condition known as negative for lorises, indicating absence of the necessary freedom; 4% showed only 1 condition, but in nearly one third (31.3%) all 5 chosen criteria were present, including human contact (57%), daylight (87%), signs of stress/ill health (53%), unnatural environment (91%) and isolation from conspecifics (77%). The public were more likely to like videos where a slow loris was kept in the light or displayed signs of stress. Recent work on primates has shown that imagery of primates in a human context can cause viewers to perceive them as less threatened. Prevalence of a positive public opinion of such videos is a real threat towards awareness of the conservation crisis faced by slow lorises.

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Upper respiratory tract disease in captive orangutans (Pongo sp.): prevalence in 20 European zoos and predisposing factors

Abstract: Results suggest a higher importance of individual factors for the development of URTD than environmental conditions. Bornean, male and hand-reared orangutans and animals related to diseased animals need increased medical surveillance for early detection of respiratory disease.

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

SINUSITIS, BRONCHIECTASIS, AND FLATUS IN A SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII): COULD THIS BE CYSTIC FIBROSIS?

Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos

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