Upper Extremity Isokinetic Torque and Throwing Velocity in Team Handball

Fleck, Steven J.; Smith, Sarah L.; Craib, Mitch W.; Denahan, T.; Snow, Rebecca E.; Mitchell, Mary L.

doi:10.1519/00124278-199205000-00010

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The reported ball velocities in our study are comparable to the earlier reported studies (Kotzamanidis et al, 1976;Jöris et al, 1985;Edwards van Muijen et al, 1991;Barata, 1992;Fleck et al, 1992;Bayios et al, 2001;van den Tillaar & Ettema, 2003van den Tillaar & Ettema, 2004, 2006, 2009aZapartidis et al, 2007;Granados et al, 2008;Ettema et al, 2008;Fabrica et al, 2008;van den Tillaar & Cabri, 2012). Mostly, the reported kinematics were the same as reported by van den Tillaar and Ettema (2004Ettema ( , 2009a; van den Tillaar and Ettema (2007); Wagner et al (2011);van den Tillaar and Cabri (2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparing performance and kinematics of throwing with a circular and whip‐like wind up by experienced handball players

Tillaar¹,

Zondag²,

Cabri

2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The aim of this study was to compare the performance (throwing velocity of the ball) and kinematics of overarm throwing with the circular and whip-like wind up in elite handball players. Twenty-two elite handball players (11 men and 11 women) conducted both types of throws. The ball release velocity, maximal ball acceleration, maximal velocity of the end points of the five segments and maximal angles, angles at ball release and maximal angular velocities of the 11 joint movements and their timing during the throw were analyzed. Significantly higher ball release velocities (21.9 m/s vs 20.6 m/s) were reached together with higher maximal linear velocities of the end points of all segments and longer throwing time with the circular wind up than with the whip-like wind up. Furthermore, it seems that the timing and amount of maximal angular pelvis rotation was the main contributor to the difference in the maximal ball release velocity between the two wind ups. The findings support the observation that overarm throwing with the circular wind up results in higher ball releases but also a longer throwing movement in comparison to whip-like wind up throws.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparing performance and kinematics of throwing with a circular and whip‐like wind up by experienced handball players

Tillaar¹,

Zondag²,

Cabri

2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Correlations between isokinetic torque and all three velocities for standing throws were found only for horizontal shoulder abduction. The results of this study (Fleck et al, 1992) suggest that upper extremity isokinetic torque is more important in jump throws than in standing throws. This finding makes sense, since during a standing throw one can use the lower extremities and trunk rotation to increase ball velocity.…”

Section: Throwing Velocity and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In contrast, a study of 11 US national squad players found strong correlations between jump throwing velocity and each of the following variables: peak torque of shoulder extension, internal rotation, horizontal abduction, and elbow extension and flexion (at velocities of 180, 240, and 300 deg · s −1 ) (Fleck et al, 1992). Correlations between isokinetic torque and all three velocities for standing throws were found only for horizontal shoulder abduction.…”

Section: Physiological Attributesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on‐court performances of handball players: A review

Ziv

Lidor

2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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The main purpose of this article was to review a series of studies (n 023) on physical characteristics, physiological attributes, throwing velocity and accuracy, and on-court performances of male handball players Á amateur players, experienced players, professional players, and players on the national team. Five main findings emerged from our review: (1) Elite players are heavier and have higher fat-free mass than amateur players. (2) The maximal oxygen uptake of male players is between 50 and 60 ml × kg (1 × min (1 . (3) Throwing velocity is higher by as much as 9% in elite male players compared with amateur male players. (4) Heart rates can rise above 160 beats × min (1 in male players during a game. (5) On-court distance covered in a game averaged approximately 4 km and ranged between 2 and 5 km, depending on playing position. Our methodological concerns based on the reviewed studies are: (a) a lack of on-court physiological data; (b) a lack of experimental/manipulative studies; (c) limited data on throwing accuracy; and (d) a lack of longitudinal studies. The practical implications include: (a) strength and power exercises should be emphasized in conditioning programmes, as they are associated with both sprint performance and throwing velocity; (b) speed and agility drills should also be implemented in conditioning programmes; and (c) specificity of training based upon the position of the player is of great importance when planning strength and conditioning programmes.

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“…Previous studies analyzed the relationship between upper and lower limbs muscles’ strength in handball players of different expertise level and sex [ 3 , 8 , 17 , 18 ]. Significant correlations (r = 0.5–0.8) were found between throwing velocity and measures of upper body isokinetic torque [ 19 ] and one-repetition maximum performance (1-RM) (i.e., bench press, squat) [ 3 , 8 , 17 ]. Ortega-Becerra et al [ 4 ] showed that throwing performance showed moderate and significant correlations (r = 0.3–0.5) with linear sprint times and jump performance (i.e., countermovement jump (CMJ) and jump squat) in a group of under-18 (U18) and under-16 (U16) handball players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness and throwing speed in U13 versus U15 male handball players

Fernández-Fernández

Granacher

Martinez-Martin

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background The aim of this study was to analyze the shoulder functional profile (rotation range of motion [ROM] and strength), upper and lower body performance, and throwing speed of U13 versus U15 male handball players, and to establish the relationship between these measures of physical fitness and throwing speed. Methods One-hundred and nineteen young male handball players (under (U)-13 (U13) [n = 85]) and U15 [n = 34]) volunteered to participate in this study. The participating athletes had a mean background of sytematic handball training of 5.5 ± 2.8 years and they exercised on average 540 ± 10.1 min per week including sport-specific team handball training and strength and conditioning programs. Players were tested for passive shoulder range-of-motion (ROM) for both internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) and isometric strength (i.e., IR and ER) of the dominant/non-dominant shoulders, overhead medicine ball throw (OMB), hip isometric abductor (ABD) and adductor (ADD) strength, hip ROM, jumps (countermovement jump [CMJ] and triple leg-hop [3H] for distance), linear sprint test, modified 505 change-of-direction (COD) test and handball throwing speed (7 m [HT7] and 9 m [HT9]). Results U15 players outperformed U13 in upper (i.e., HT7 and HT9 speed, OMB, absolute IR and ER strength of the dominant and non-dominant sides; Cohen’s d: 0.76–2.13) and lower body (i.e., CMJ, 3H, 20-m sprint and COD, hip ABD and ADD; d: 0.70–2.33) performance measures. Regarding shoulder ROM outcomes, a lower IR ROM was found of the dominant side in the U15 group compared to the U13 and a higher ER ROM on both sides in U15 (d: 0.76–1.04). It seems that primarily anthropometric characteristics (i.e., body height, body mass) and upper body strength/power (OMB distance) are the most important factors that explain the throw speed variance in male handball players, particularly in U13. Conclusions Findings from this study imply that regular performance monitoring is important for performance development and for minimizing injury risk of the shoulder in both age categories of young male handball players. Besides measures of physical fitness, anthropometric data should be recorded because handball throwing performance is related to these measures.

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Upper Extremity Isokinetic Torque and Throwing Velocity in Team Handball

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing performance and kinematics of throwing with a circular and whip‐like wind up by experienced handball players

Comparing performance and kinematics of throwing with a circular and whip‐like wind up by experienced handball players

Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on‐court performances of handball players: A review

Physical fitness and throwing speed in U13 versus U15 male handball players

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