Upper consolute temperature of water-phenol systems with some additives

Abstract

Using upper consolute temperatures (UCT) and corresponding consolute compositions (CC) of water-phenol systems with each of 0.1 mol kg -1 salts and acids, 1.0% polyethylene glycol 200, 0.01 mol kg -1 surfactant and aromatic compounds, we obtained 0.01 mol kg -1 CaF 2 and CrCl 3 compositions. Focusing on UCT and CC, the role of valence electrons and shell number, basicity, hydrophilic, hydrophobic and π conjugated electrons of corresponding additives are reported. The surfactants and π conjugation electrons are noted to decrease the UCT in a constant ratio that depicts the state and inherent strength of ionic and molecularwater interactions. Τhe data are useful in the investigation of cloud points of immiscible solutions based on the Hofmeister series.