Upper Airway Cough Syndrome in Pathogenesis of Chronic Cough

Lucanska, M; Hajtman, A; Calkovský, V; Kunč, Peter; Péčová, R

doi:10.33549/physiolres.934400

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As a result, a physical barrier can result in the build-up of secretions, and blockage of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 1 , 17 Both nasal obstruction and/or phlogistic issues such as adenoiditis may cause the symptoms mentioned above. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Children After Removal of Hypertrophied Adenoid Tissue

Sojak¹,

Ďurdík²,

Mohamedova³

et al. 2022

JAA

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Purpose The co-occurrence of adenoids and chronic cough is common in children. The goal of this research was to specify changes in cough reflex sensitivity as a result of adenoid tissue removal. Patients and Methods The sample group consisted of 17 children (six boys and 11 girls, aged 4–12 years, mean age 6.24 years), all of them possessing symptoms of chronic cough and adenoids, confirmed by nasal fiberoptic endoscopy. This sample group underwent cough reflex sensitivity assessment, which took place both prior to and after endoscopic adenoidectomy. The definition of the cough reflex sensitivity is the lowest capsaicin concentration that caused two (C2) or five (C5) coughs. Capsaicin aerosol in ascending concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 µmol/L) was inhaled by a single-breath method (KoKo DigiDoser), with the addition of an inspiratory flow regulator valve (RIFR). Results Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Cough sensitivity (geometric mean with 95% CI) for C2 was 31.86 (12.98–78.18) µmol/L preoperatively and 11.97 (6.16–23.26) µmol/L postoperatively ( P =0.064). Cough sensitivity for C5 was 234.91 (97.19–567.77) µmol/L preoperatively and 69.13 (29.08–164.35) µmol/L postoperatively ( P =0.022). The children’s pulmonary function was within the normal range. Conclusion In our study, adenoidectomy significantly increased cough reflex sensitivity in non-atopic children suffering from chronic cough.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Children After Removal of Hypertrophied Adenoid Tissue

Sojak¹,

Ďurdík²,

Mohamedova³

et al. 2022

JAA

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“…Among these, Lactobacillus of Firmicutes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Proteobacteria have significantly increased and replaced the dominant position of original Streptococcus and Neisseria in the pharynx of normal people. Moreover, TRPV1 and TGF- β 2 were increased significantly in UACS patients [ 46 ]. TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel associated with cough sensitivity and widely distributed in sensory nerves from the upper to lower airways [ 47 ].…”

Section: Immunity Of Respiratory Flora and Uacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Respiratory Flora in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Guo

Chen

Ying

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Large quantities of bacteria, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, colonize the surface of the respiratory mucosa of healthy people. They interact and coexist with the local mucosal immune system of the human airway, maintaining the immune stability and balance of the respiratory system. While suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, the microbial population in the airway changes and the proportion of Proteobacteria is increased in patients with asthma. The abundance of the microbial population in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is decreased, and conversely, the proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased. The diversity of airway microorganisms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is decreased, while pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogenic bacteria are proliferated in large numbers. The proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria is increased in patients with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), which replaces the dominance of Streptococcus and Neisseria in the pharynx of a normal population. Therefore, a clear understanding of the immune process of the airway flora and the immune dysfunction of the flora on the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of human respiratory diseases.

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“… 39 Hypothetically, “convergence” centers among nasal putative sensory afferents along the paratrigeminal nucleus and afferent cough fibers along the vagal second order neurons in tractus solitarius, can feature interactive activity of both afferent nerves. 40 This can modulate cough response by increasing cough sensitivity to capsaicin. 41 In support of the convergence theory, capsaicin challenge in guinea pigs increased neuronal activity simultaneously in the brainstem and the trigeminal nerve, as suggested by increased expression of C-fos (proto-oncogene), 16 , 38 the gene group of second and higher order neurons.…”

Section: Upper Airway Cough Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough - Part II: Phenotypes and mechanisms of abnormal cough presentation — Updates in COVID-19

Rouadi

Idriss

Bousquet

et al. 2021

World Allergy Organization Journal

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Background: Chronic cough can be triggered by respiratory and non-respiratory tract illnesses originating mainly from the upper and lower airways, and the GI tract (ie, reflux). Recent findings suggest it can also be a prominent feature in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), laryngeal hyperresponsiveness, and COVID-19. The classification of chronic cough is constantly updated but lacks clear definition. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of chronic cough are informative but highly variable. The underlying mechanism of chronic cough is a neurogenic inflammation of the cough reflex which becomes hypersensitive, thus the term hypersensitive cough reflex (HCR). A current challenge is to decipher how various infectious and inflammatory airway diseases and esophageal reflux, among others, modulate HCR. Objectives:The World Allergy Organization/Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (WAO/ ARIA) Joint Committee on Chronic Cough reviewed the current literature on classification, epidemiology, presenting features, and mechanistic pathways of chronic cough in airway-and reflux-related cough phenotypes, OSA, and COVID-19. The interplay of cough reflex sensitivity

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Upper Airway Cough Syndrome in Pathogenesis of Chronic Cough

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Children After Removal of Hypertrophied Adenoid Tissue

Changes in Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Children After Removal of Hypertrophied Adenoid Tissue

The Role of Respiratory Flora in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Respiratory Diseases

WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough - Part II: Phenotypes and mechanisms of abnormal cough presentation — Updates in COVID-19

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