Uplink spectrum resource allocation in heterogeneous networks (small cell/macrocell)

Bembe, Mncedisi; Kim, Jeongchan; Mhlanga, Martin; Rho, Jae Jeung; Han, Youngnam

doi:10.1007/s12243-014-0451-6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The 5G cellular architecture is characterized by a wide area and dense heterogeneous small cell networks. The main reasons to choose it as a key architecture for 5G cellular can be highlighted in these 4 major points: (1) improve coverage by deploying cells in every unreachable place, (2) curtail the delay and the use of energy by reducing path loss effect and deploying equipments with minor transmit power (by the use of low powered radio access points, eg, antenna heads despite the base stations [BSs]), (3) achieve more frequency reuse by a good allocation algorithm for adjacent cells, and (4) ensure flexible deployment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reasons to choose it as a key architecture for 5G cellular can be highlighted in these 4 major points: (1) improve coverage by deploying cells in every unreachable place, (2) curtail the delay and the use of energy by reducing path loss effect and deploying equipments with minor transmit power (by the use of low powered radio access points, eg, antenna heads despite the base stations [BSs]), (3) achieve more frequency reuse by a good allocation algorithm for adjacent cells, and (4) ensure flexible deployment. 8 One of the advances of 5G systems beyond the previous standards is to promote the spectrum utilization. 9 Apart from allocating cleverly the fragmented bands below 3 GHz or sharing the licensed spectrum between operators and other industries, radical and effective solutions need to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN for 5G systems: Key capabilities and recent advances

Guizani

Hamdi

2017

Int J Network Mgmt

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Summary The world of telecommunication is witnessing a swift metamorphosis towards fifth generation cellular networks. Particularly, the rapid shift from a user centric to a device centric communication has created a tremendous impact on service complexity and network requirements. The future networks present requisite needs in ubiquitous throughput, low latency, and high reliability. They are also envisioned to provide energy efficiency, spectrum reuse, network scalability, and robustness as well as improved quality of user experience, which proves to be of ultimate importance. Accordingly, government, academic, and industrial institutions are working together to fulfill these challenging goals. Their research efforts have been extensively reported in various topics and directions, such as heterogeneous small cell networks, millimeter wave communication, massive multiple input multiple output, network function virtualization, software‐defined network, and device‐to‐device communication. More interestingly, a revolutionary network architecture based on cloud computing and centralized processing is adopted as one of the best candidates for fifth generation. It is denoted Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) and (H‐CRAN) in heterogeneous networks. An upgraded version, namely, Fog RAN (F‐RAN), with caching and fog computing capabilities is also presented. Environmental friendly, it ensures flexibility and scalability with reduced expenditures. This paper presents the aforementioned key technological functionalities and surveys the benefits and challenges of CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN for 5G systems: Key capabilities and recent advances

Guizani

Hamdi

2017

Int J Network Mgmt

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“…For these reasons, an objective assessment of the human exposure to the radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation is of great importance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Furthermore, exposure to RF electromagnetic field should be continuously monitored because of expected tremendous growth of traffic in future wireless networks [10] and dense implementation of small cells with base station installed closer to users [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion from mono-axial to isotropic measurements for assessing human exposure to electromagnetic fields of GSM/DCS/UMTS base stations

Koprivica

Nešković

2015

Ann. Telecommun.

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This paper proposes a way to assess total electric field strength by using mono-axial probe (instead of isotropic, tri-axial probe). When mono-axial probe is used, additional conversion factor should be applied. Consequently, the usage of mono-axial probe causes additional uncertainty in measurement results that should be taken into account. Measurement results for seven different environments show that the additional multiplicative conversion factor value of 1.95 should be applied and additional uncertainty in measurement results of 33.07 % should be taken into account.

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Statistical analysis of electromagnetic radiation measurements in the vicinity of GSM/UMTS base station installed on buildings in Serbia

Koprivica

Slavkovic

Nešković

et al. 2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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As a result of dense deployment of public mobile base stations, additional electromagnetic (EM) radiation occurs in the modern human environment. At the same time, public concern about the exposure to EM radiation emitted by such sources has increased. In order to determine the level of radio frequency radiation generated by base stations, extensive EM field strength measurements were carried out for 664 base station locations, from which 276 locations refer to the case of base stations with antenna system installed on buildings. Having in mind the large percentage (42 %) of locations with installations on buildings, as well as the inevitable presence of people in their vicinity, a detailed analysis of this location category was performed. Measurement results showed that the maximum recorded value of total electric field strength has exceeded International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection general public exposure reference levels at 2.5 % of locations and Serbian national reference levels at 15.6 % of locations. It should be emphasised that the values exceeding the reference levels were observed only outdoor, while in indoor total electric field strength in no case exceeded the defined reference levels.

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Uplink spectrum resource allocation in heterogeneous networks (small cell/macrocell)

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN for 5G systems: Key capabilities and recent advances

CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN for 5G systems: Key capabilities and recent advances

Conversion from mono-axial to isotropic measurements for assessing human exposure to electromagnetic fields of GSM/DCS/UMTS base stations

Statistical analysis of electromagnetic radiation measurements in the vicinity of GSM/UMTS base station installed on buildings in Serbia

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