UPLC–QTOF/MS‐based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced hypertension in rats

Abstract

Hypertension is a common chronic disease, and it is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, the number of patients with hypertension-related complications has increased significantly, adding a heavy burden to the public health system. It is known that chronic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. However, the impact of hypertension on the dysfunctions induced by chronic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, using LC-MS-based metabolomics, we established a chronic stress model to demonstrate the mechanisms of stress-induced hypertension. We found that 30 metabolites in chronically stressed rats were changed; of these metabolites, seven had been upregulated, and 23 had been downregulated, including amino acids, phospholipids, carnitines and fatty acids, many of which are involved in amino acid metabolism, cell membrane injury, ATP supply and inflammation. These metabolites are engaged in dysregulated pathways and will provide a targeted approach to study the mechanism of stress-induced hypertension.

Plasma lipid profile associates with the improvement of psychological well-being in individuals with perceived stress symptoms

“…Unlike a previous study in rats with chronic mild stress 25 , we found lower LPCs in the intervention group following the lifestyle intervention, with different correlations with physiological parameters based on the acyl chains. The stress relief, as indicated by a lower stress index, was positively associated with the suppressed LPCs in the intervention group: LPC(14:0), (16:1), and (20:4) (Cluster B, Fig.…”

“…In addition to the positive association between LPC(20:4) with stress index, the free fatty acid (20:4) form, has been previously suggested as a marker of depression and stress in human 18 and rats 25 , respectively. LPC(22:5) in the intervention group was also associated with inflammation and adiposity.…”

Metabolomic exploration of the effects of habituation to livestock trailer and extended transportation in goats

“…Lyso-phosphatidylcholine (20:4) has been suggested as a marker of stress and depression in rats and humans ( Adams et al, 1996 ; Wu et al, 2019 ). Although phosphatidylcholines are involved in normal cognition ( Haus et al, 2009 ), and chronic stress can cause depression due to decreases in phosphatidylcholines ( Ren et al, 2018 ), high levels as seen in the present experiment are due to enhanced fatty acid metabolism.…”

The mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure in rats: a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis

“…The preparation of the CUMS-induced high BP model was done in accordance with previous descriptions. 15 In short, rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks; in particular, tails were clamped for 1 min on Monday, food was deprived for 24 h on Tuesday, cages were shaken for 5 min on Wednesday, rats were forced to swim in water at 4 1C for 5 min on Thursday, day and night were reversed for 24 h on Friday, cages were kept cold-wet for 24 h on Saturday, and rats were bound up for 6 h on Sunday. After the last treatment, rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (100 g/0.4 mL, intraperitoneal (i.p.…”