Abstract:The managing and recycling of waste tires has become a worldwide environmental challenge. Among the different disposal methods for waste tires, pyrolysis is regarded as a promising route. How to effectively enhance the added value of pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires is a matter of great concern. In this study, the PRs were treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids in turn under ultrasonic waves. The removal efficiency for the ash and sulfur was investigated. The pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) obtai… Show more
“…For this work, a temperature of 1000 °C was selected for thermal processing of waste tire scraps as it was found optimal for gasification of the carbon precursors present in the tires and its transformation into carbon black nanoparticles, with yields larger than the usual amount of CB particles normally charged as fillers into tires. This result is in agreement with those reported in a recently published study where pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires was transformed into pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) with similar yields, but after chemical and ultrasonic treatment [35]. The mechanism of formation of CB nanoparticles may be explained by the vaporization of carbon precursors contained in the waste tire, including original CB particles added as fillers, textiles and other carbon-based additives, and nucleation of vaporized carbon onto CB primary particles, following a mechanism close to that reported for soot formation [25].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…The continuous loss of mass starting at 520 °C seems to continue at a constant rate after 800 °C, suggesting that some organic moieties may be being decomposed and volatilized, with a partial weight loss of around 30% at the end of the temperature cycle. This thermal behavior is very similar to that reported by Zhang and coworkers in 2018 for CB particles prepared also from waste tires under pyrolytic conditions [35]. The fact that, in contrast with the rubber used as starting material, that only a 30% of the mass has been lost when temperature reached the limit of 800 °C, indicates that the as produced CB nanoparticles have larger thermal stability.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
“…While traditional methods for CB recovery from different sources are not higher than 26–30%, the method here presented for the preparation of very small (∼22 nm) CB nanoparticles has yields higher than 80%; to our knowledge, this is among the highest yield reported for the preparation of CB nanoparticles from waste tires and it is also a very good yield when compared to other conventional methods of preparation of CB nanoparticles starting from several carbon precursors. Only other recent report, with close yields, is available in the scientific literature [35]. HRSEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman, surface measurements, DLS and TGA analysis, indicates that the methodology here presented produces partly oxidized, water soluble, highly conductive CB nanoparticles with average size of 23 nm, with nearly spherical morphology, moderate PDI and high thermal stability.…”
Carbon black (CB), a material consisting of finely divided particles, can be obtained by the partial combustion of heavy petroleum feedstock. The commercial preparation of CB nanoparticles require sophisticated equipment, chemical pre-treatment, and combination of complex separation and purification techniques. CB nanoparticles can also be recovered from scrubbed rubber, but yields are modest and the process is technically complex. Here, we report the development of a simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of CB nanoparticles from waste tires. Under optimal conditions, the yield of recovered CB nanoparticles (∼22 nm) was of approximately 81%; the nanomaterial presents good thermal stability and conductivity, and forms chain-like agglomerates; chemical composition analysis and solubility tests indicates that it is partly oxidized (C, 84.9%; S, 10.21%; O, 4.9%). The product was fully characterized by FTIR, Raman, TGA, BET, SEM and TEM. This preparation method could become a viable alternative to reduce the large amount of waste tires and decreasing their negative environmental impact, producing good quality CB nanoparticles useful for batteries, sensors, electronic devices, catalysis, pigments, concrete, and plastics, among many other applications.
“…For this work, a temperature of 1000 °C was selected for thermal processing of waste tire scraps as it was found optimal for gasification of the carbon precursors present in the tires and its transformation into carbon black nanoparticles, with yields larger than the usual amount of CB particles normally charged as fillers into tires. This result is in agreement with those reported in a recently published study where pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires was transformed into pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) with similar yields, but after chemical and ultrasonic treatment [35]. The mechanism of formation of CB nanoparticles may be explained by the vaporization of carbon precursors contained in the waste tire, including original CB particles added as fillers, textiles and other carbon-based additives, and nucleation of vaporized carbon onto CB primary particles, following a mechanism close to that reported for soot formation [25].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…The continuous loss of mass starting at 520 °C seems to continue at a constant rate after 800 °C, suggesting that some organic moieties may be being decomposed and volatilized, with a partial weight loss of around 30% at the end of the temperature cycle. This thermal behavior is very similar to that reported by Zhang and coworkers in 2018 for CB particles prepared also from waste tires under pyrolytic conditions [35]. The fact that, in contrast with the rubber used as starting material, that only a 30% of the mass has been lost when temperature reached the limit of 800 °C, indicates that the as produced CB nanoparticles have larger thermal stability.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
“…While traditional methods for CB recovery from different sources are not higher than 26–30%, the method here presented for the preparation of very small (∼22 nm) CB nanoparticles has yields higher than 80%; to our knowledge, this is among the highest yield reported for the preparation of CB nanoparticles from waste tires and it is also a very good yield when compared to other conventional methods of preparation of CB nanoparticles starting from several carbon precursors. Only other recent report, with close yields, is available in the scientific literature [35]. HRSEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman, surface measurements, DLS and TGA analysis, indicates that the methodology here presented produces partly oxidized, water soluble, highly conductive CB nanoparticles with average size of 23 nm, with nearly spherical morphology, moderate PDI and high thermal stability.…”
Carbon black (CB), a material consisting of finely divided particles, can be obtained by the partial combustion of heavy petroleum feedstock. The commercial preparation of CB nanoparticles require sophisticated equipment, chemical pre-treatment, and combination of complex separation and purification techniques. CB nanoparticles can also be recovered from scrubbed rubber, but yields are modest and the process is technically complex. Here, we report the development of a simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of CB nanoparticles from waste tires. Under optimal conditions, the yield of recovered CB nanoparticles (∼22 nm) was of approximately 81%; the nanomaterial presents good thermal stability and conductivity, and forms chain-like agglomerates; chemical composition analysis and solubility tests indicates that it is partly oxidized (C, 84.9%; S, 10.21%; O, 4.9%). The product was fully characterized by FTIR, Raman, TGA, BET, SEM and TEM. This preparation method could become a viable alternative to reduce the large amount of waste tires and decreasing their negative environmental impact, producing good quality CB nanoparticles useful for batteries, sensors, electronic devices, catalysis, pigments, concrete, and plastics, among many other applications.
“…Likewise, this process has been explored by several authors in order to assess gasification/activation and combustion processes using demineralized CBp (dCBp) as a raw material (Ariyadejwanich et al, 2003;Ucar et al, 2005;Suuberg and Aarna, 2009;Alexandre-Franco et al, 2010). In addition, there are some works dealing with CBp demineralization as those conducted by Chaala et al, (1996); Roy et al, (2005) and Zhang et al, (2018). Iraola-Arregui et al, (2018) have been recently reviewed some of these works, where operating conditions for demineralization of waste tire and lignocellulosic wastes as well as their respective pyrolysis chars were highlighted.…”
Pyrolysis offers the possibility to convert waste tires into liquid and gaseous fractions as well as a carbon-rich solid (CBp), which contains the original carbon black (CB) and the inorganic compounds used in tire manufacture. Whilst both liquid and gaseous fractions can be valorized without further processing, there is a general consensus that CBp needs to be improved before it can be considered a commercial product, seriously penalizing the pyrolysis process profitability. In this work, the CBp produced in a continuous pyrolysis process was demineralized (chemical leaching) with the aim of recovering the CB trapped into the CBp and thus, producing a standardized CB product for commercial purposes. The demineralization process was conducted by using cheap and common reagents (HCl and NaOH). In this sense, the acid treatment removed most of the mineral matter contained in the CBp and concentration was the main parameter controlling the demineralization process. An ash content of 4.9 wt.% was obtained by using 60 min of soaking time, 60 °C of temperature, 10 mL/g of reagent/CBp ratio and HCl 4M. The demineralized CBp (dCBp) showed a carbon content of 92.9 wt.%, while the FRX analysis indicated that SiO 2 is the major component into the ash. The BET surface area was 76.3 m 2 /g, and textural characterizations (SEM/EDX and TEM) revealed that dCBp is composed by primary particles lower than 100 nm. Although dCBp showed a low structure, the surface chemistry was rich in surface acidic groups. Finally, dCBp was used in Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) compounding, probing its technical feasibility as substitute of commercial CB N550.
“…The concentrations of various substances are affected by the pyrolysis temperatures (Fernandez et al, 2012;Kaminsky et al, 2009;Lopez et al, 2009Lopez et al, , 2011. The solid coke is mainly industrial carbon black (CB), ash, inorganic filler, etc., which can be further recycled (Wang et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2018).…”
The medium temperature pyrolysis process using a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure was utilised to recover carbon black from motorcycle and automobile tyres. Experimental results have shown that the ash and volatile contents of several recovered carbon blacks are high, the elongation at break of the vulcanised natural rubber filled with recovered carbon blacks from motorcycle tyres is better than that from motorcycle tyres and standard carbon black 7#, while the other mechanical properties are worse. In order to improve the reinforcing effect of recovered carbon blacks, the modification of recovered carbon black was performed by high-energy electron bombardment and non-oxidising acid. The specific surface area of the pyrolytic carbon blacks increased after high-energy electron bombardment. The ash content of the pyrolytic carbon black was reduced from 22.5% to 8.4% after rinsing with hydrochloric acid, and the tensile stress at 300% was increased by about 2.2 MPa.
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