Upgrading of glycerol from biodiesel synthesis with dimethyl carbonate on reusable Sr–Al mixed oxide catalysts

The state of the art on the glycerol carbonate (GC) synthesis has been updated since the last published reviews in 2012, 2013, and 2016. Three types of reactions continue to be studied: glycerolysis of urea, transcarbonation of DMC, DEC, or cyclic carbonates with glycerol and reaction using CO 2 . Among these different routes, DMC and glycerol were selected as the raw materials for the GC synthesis in this work since the transcarbonation from these green reagents leads to high yields and selectivities, using mild conditions including a less energy consuming GC separation process. Catalytic conditions using Na 2 CO 3 seem to be a good compromise to achieve a high yield of GC, leading to an easier purification step without GC distillation. Mild temperatures for the reaction (73–78°C) as well as a low waste amount confirmed by the E-factor calculation, are in favor of controlled costs. Plasticizing properties of synthesized GC were compared to the behaviors of a commercial plasticizer and natural dialkyl carbonates, for a colorless nail polish formulation. The resulting films subjected to mechanical and thermal stresses (DMA and Persoz pendulum) showed the high plasticizing effect of GC toward nitrocellulose based films, probably due to hydrogen bond interactions between GC and nitrocellulose. The GC efficiency gives the possibility to decrease the content of the plasticizer in the formulation. Glycerol carbonate can be thus considered as a biobased ingredient abiding by the green chemistry concepts, and safe enough to be used in an ecodesigned nail polish formulation.

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“…Applications of glycerol carbonate (adapted from references Sonnati et al, 2013; Algoufi et al, 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and Evaluation of Its Plasticizing Properties

Bandres

Urrutigoı̈ty

et al. 2019

Front. Chem.

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“…Consequently, its utilization as a reaction medium as well as a phosgene substitute has currently been attracting much interest because of DMCs ability to act on a wide variety of reactions such as polycarbonate synthesis, polyurethane synthesis, carboxylation reagents, alkylating reagents, and polar solvents, not to mention its application as a fuel additive. In fact, DMC is also employed to obtain glycerol carbonate, considered an added-value product to revalorize the glycerol [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191].…”

Section: Biodiesel-like Biofuels That Integrate the Glycerol As Glycementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.

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“…However, homogeneous catalysts cannot be reused, which is unfavorable for industrial applications. Thus, various heterogeneous catalysts have been developed, including alkaline metal oxide or mixed metal oxide (Algoufi et al 2017), alkaline phosphate (Okoye et al 2016), alkaline silicate (Wang et al 2018), and ionic liquid (Chen et al 2015). Despite the high catalytic activity, these catalysts have exhibited some problems including preparation costs or complex preparation procedures.…”

Section: Application Of Corncob Residue-derived Catalyst In the Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of corncob residue-derived catalyst in the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesize glycerol carbonate

Wang

Okoye

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Corncob was calcined within a temperature range of 300 °C to 700 °C to prepare a series of corncob residue catalysts for the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC). Among the catalysts, the corncob residue catalyst obtained through calcination of corncob at 500 °C (CCR-500) showed a relatively high basicity and satisfactory catalytic activity. The structural investigation results indicated that CCR-500 was composed of carbon material and some alkaline mineral salts. Using CCR-500 as the catalyst, a glycerol conversion of 98.1% and a GC yield of 94.1% were achieved when the reaction was performed at 80 °C for 90 min, with a catalyst amount of 3 wt% and glycerol to DMC molar ratio of 1:3. The comparison of CCR-500 with the reported catalysts indicated that the CCR-500 was a low-cost, high-active, and easily-accessible catalyst for the transesterification of glycerol with DMC.

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Upgrading of glycerol from biodiesel synthesis with dimethyl carbonate on reusable Sr–Al mixed oxide catalysts

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Progress in Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and Evaluation of Its Plasticizing Properties

Recent Progress in Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and Evaluation of Its Plasticizing Properties

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

Application of corncob residue-derived catalyst in the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesize glycerol carbonate

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