Upgrading of bitumen with formic acid in supercritical water

Sato, Takafumi; Mori, Shota; Watanabe, Masaru; Sasaki, Mitsuru; Itoh, Naotsugu

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.07.010

Cited by 73 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Formic acid (HCOOH) is reported to be an intermediate of the WGS reaction in SCW. To evaluate the effect of HCOOH on asphaltene decomposition and coke formation, experiments regarding the upgrading of bitumen were performed by Sato et al [11]. The results showed that upgrading bitumen in SCW + HCOOH gave a higher conversions of asphaltene and lower coke yields than those of pyrolysis or with only SCW.…”

Section: Bitumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of large amounts of coke, through the propagation reactions of radicals, the aggregation of asphaltene, and the addition between activated asphaltene precursors and low molecular radicals or olefins [50,79], not only affects the efficient exploitation of heavy oil, but also brings a series of problems, such as the deactivation of catalysts. Fortunately, the introduction of SCW into heavy oil can effectively reduce the yield of coke [11,[73][74][75]80,81]. To further suppress the formation of coke, many novel SCW processes have been successfully developed.…”

Section: Suppression Of Cokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the reserves of conventional crude oil suitable for the production of light oil is scarce and insufficient to meet the ever-growing energy demand [8,9]. To reduce the energy gap, taking the heavy oils as an oil substitute, and converting them into light fractions, may be an alternative choice [2,3,10,11]. However, heavy oil, usually characterized by its high viscosity, high density, small gravity, and low H/C ratio (1.2-1.4) cannot be directly refined by existing processes [2,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water

Yan

Xiao

2015

Energies

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Abstract:With the growing demand for energy and the depletion of conventional crude oil, heavy oil in huge reserve has attracted extensive attention. However, heavy oil cannot be directly refined by existing processes unless they are upgraded due to its complex composition and high concentration of heteroatoms (N, S, Ni, V, etc.). Of the variety of techniques for heavy oil upgrading, supercritical water (SCW) is gaining popularity because of its excellent ability to convert heavy oil into valued, clean light oil by the suppression of coke formation and the removal of heteroatoms. Based on the current status of this research around the world, heavy oil upgrading in SCW is summarized from three aspects: Transformation of hydrocarbons, suppression of coke, and removal of heteroatoms. In this work, the challenge and future development of the orientation of upgrading heavy oil in SCW are pointed out.

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Section: Bitumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suppression Of Cokementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water

Yan

Xiao

2015

Energies

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“…Water probably affects the hydrogenation kinetics in the oil-rich phase. We examined the upgrading of bitumen in SCW with HCOOH 21) . The reaction was conducted with a 10-cm 3 batch type reactor containing 1.0 g of bitumen and formic acid.…”

Section: 1 Effect Of Water On Hydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We proposed a reaction model for the decomposition of bitumen in SCW and SCW HCOOH applicable to the upgrading of heavy oil through the WGSR in SCW 21) by considering previous studies 22),23) . A similar mechanism was proposed 20) after our research to support the validity of this model.…”

Section: 1 Effect Of Water On Hydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Hydrogenation through Partial Oxidation and Water-gas Shift Reaction in Supercritical Water

Sato

2014

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons including heavy oil in supercritical water forms CO and CO2, which undergoes the water-gas shift reaction to form active hydrogen and then hydrogenation of heavy oil proceeds. In the case of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and bitumen in supercritical water, the selectivity for partial oxidative products such as CO increased with increasing water density. In the case of hydrogenation of heavy oil in supercritical water through the water-gas shift reaction, reverse water-gas shift reaction and decomposition of formic acid that is a reaction intermediate of the water-gas shift reaction, coke formation was suppressed compared to that in only supercritical water. The main factors for suppressing coke formation were as follows: high water density improving the reactivity of hydrogen source in the oil-rich phase that enhanced hydrogenation of asphaltene core, direct injection of hydrogen source into the oil-rich phase increasing the concentration of active hydrogen in that phase, and coexisting gases with supercritical water facilitating the extraction of coke precursor from the oil-rich phase. The upgrading of heavy oil through a series of partial oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in supercritical water proceeded in the presence of catalyst and possible optimum conditions were proposed.

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Applications of SCW

Marcus¹

2012

Supercritical Water

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Upgrading of bitumen with formic acid in supercritical water

Cited by 73 publications

References 43 publications

A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water

A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water

Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Hydrogenation through Partial Oxidation and Water-gas Shift Reaction in Supercritical Water

Applications of SCW

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