Upgrading low-quality oil shale using high-density gas-solid fluidized bed

Zhu, Guangqing; Zhang, Bo; Zhao, Peng; Chen, Duan; Zhao, Yuemin; Zhang, Zhenxing; Gao, Yan; Zhu, Xiangnan; Ding, Wenjie; Rao, Zhonghao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.140

Cited by 72 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The particle size distribution of the medium particles is a key factor affecting the uniformity and stability of the bed density. If the distribution is too large, the final velocity of disturbed settling of coarse and fine particles is different, causing stratification and classification in the fluidized bed, which is not conducive to the formation of a uniform and stable bed . Therefore, the particle size distribution in the fluidized bed must be controlled to within a certain range.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Analysis of the Blockage Zone in a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed

et al. 2022

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A gas−solid separation fluidized bed, which belongs to dry separation and can save a lot of water resources, is an important method for coal quality improvement. The effect of regional blockage of the air distributor on the fluidization effect was investigated by varying the blockage area and fluidization gas velocity, and the influence law of blockage of an air distributor on bed stability was revealed. In this paper, the micro-differential pressure sensor is used as a testing tool to analyze the regional characteristics of the fluidized bed blockage hole. The results show that when the air distributor is plugged, the standard deviations of the pressure fluctuation are largest at a height of 100 mm, all reaching more than 2.0, and that the pressure fluctuation at the bottom is greater than that at the top. When the plugged area fraction increases from 1/8 to 1/2, the density fluctuation range at the bottom of the plugged area decreases from 0.2 to 0.04 g/cm 3 , while the range of influence increases from 10 to 16 cm axially. With the increase of fluidization gas velocity, the mixing effect of particles is improved to an extent, and the range of the affected zone is gradually reduced.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Analysis of the Blockage Zone in a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed

et al. 2022

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“…A series of fine-grained sediments, such as mudstone, shale, bituminous shale, carbonaceous shale, and even carbonaceous diatomite, can be classified as shales [16][17][18]. Oil shale is typically defined by a minimum oil yield of 3.5 wt.% and a maximum ash yield of 40% and can be subdivided according to the oil yield into three groups: low-quality oil shale (oil yield of 3.5-5.0%), medium-quality oil shale (5.0-10.0%), and high-quality oil shale (10.0% and above) [11,[19][20][21][22]. Large amounts of oil shales have been found in the Middle Jurassic Mudstone Member of the Shimengou Formation in the northern Qaidam Basin, where they are widely distributed with a large thickness but of different qualities [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

et al. 2022

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Oil shales are developed in the Shale Member of the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, China. The oil shales can be classified into three quality groups (low-, medium-, and high-quality oil shales) through a comprehensive analysis protocol that includes Rock-Eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon (TOC) content, proximate analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), major and trace element analyses, and maceral analysis. The low-quality oil shales mainly contain type II1 kerogen, the medium-quality oil shales mainly contain type I-II1 kerogen, and the high-quality oil shales mainly contain type I kerogen. All are immature to early thermally mature. The oil yield of the oil shales is directly related to their quality and are positively correlated with TOC content and calorific value. All studied samples were deposited under anaerobic conditions but in different paleoenvironments. The low-quality oil shales were mainly deposited in fresh-water environments, whereas the high-quality oil shales were usually developed in highly saline and reducing environments. Salinity stratification and evidence of algal blooms that are conducive to organic matter enrichment were identified in both medium- and high-quality oil shales, the latter having the highest paleoproductivity and the best preservation conditions. In summary, shale quality is controlled by a combination of factors, including algal abundance, preservation conditions, the existence of algal blooms and salinity stratification, and paleoproductivity. This study reveals how these different factors affect the quality of oil shales, which might provide an in-depth explanation for the formation process of lacustrine oil shales.

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“…Flotation is a beneficiation method that employs the difference in physical and chemical properties of a mineral surface to separate useful minerals from the vein, involving a solid–liquid–gas phase making it suitable for sorting low-grade, fine-grained leached ore and often involving the froth flotation method. − Coal is one of the most abundant and widely distributed energy sources in the world, abundant in China, the United States, Russia, and Australia. , The flotation method is used to efficiently separate fine coal particles, reduce the ash content in coal particles, and remove fine sulfur iron ore from coal particles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Simulation Study of Surface Wettability of Coal Molecules with Different Degrees of Defects

et al. 2022

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To explore the adsorption mechanism of H2O molecules on the surfaces of defective coal molecules and perfect bituminous coal molecules, the energy band structure, electronic density of states, electrostatic potential, and front orbitals on the surfaces of three coal molecule models were investigated using quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The adsorption energy and Mulliken charge layout of H2O molecules with the surfaces of defective coal molecules and perfect bituminous coal molecules were similarly investigated. The results of the DFT calculations showed that the widths of the forbidden bands of the defective coal molecular surfaces were narrower, and the electrostatic potential values were smaller. In addition, they each had an increased conduction band near the Fermi energy level, a larger electronic density of states near the Fermi energy level, and a higher electron activity and electron density than those of the perfect bituminous coal molecular surface. While stable adsorption of H2O molecules occurred on the surfaces of the single-vacancy-defective coal molecules, double-vacancy-defective coal molecules, and perfect bituminous coal molecules, the adsorption energy values were −39.401, −30.002, and −29.844 kJ/mol for the more stable configurations, corresponding to −0.022, −0.013, and −0.011 electrons gained by H2O molecules, respectively. Wettability improved with the appearance of defects, and the order of improvement was single-vacancy-defective coal molecule > double-vacancy-defective coal molecule > no-defect coal molecule.

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Upgrading low-quality oil shale using high-density gas-solid fluidized bed

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Characteristics Analysis of the Blockage Zone in a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed

Characteristics Analysis of the Blockage Zone in a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed

A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

Density Functional Simulation Study of Surface Wettability of Coal Molecules with Different Degrees of Defects

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