Upgrading gold to green nanoparticles: applications in prostate cancer

Abstract

Green nanotechnology produces biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with intrinsic anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-tumour properties. Green AuNPs (g-AuNPs) are gaining a solid ground in prostate cancer (PC) nanotherapy. Hence, in this review, we summarise and compare data from studies published between 2015 and 2022 to highlight major biological compounds and outputs from in vitro and in vivo applications of green or biosynthesised AuNPs in PC theranostics. In fact, g-AuNPs can be easily generated with effective antiproliferative PC characteristics. Taken together, g-AuNPs exert various apoptosis-related mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle arrest, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial disruption, and anti-tumour immune cell activation, with additional successful delivery of the biological compounds in green materials. g-AuNPs could offer another modality for targeted cancer therapy using antibodies and targeting ligands to specifically recognise and destroy PC tumours. In conclusion, g-AuNPs applications drive forth sustainable nanotechnology while minimising ethical concerns and toxicity risks in clinical trials.

Grewia asiatica leaves extract assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and study of their antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic potential

“…(Singh 2022). Due to their extensive surface area, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have unique electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties and vast biological applications (Chen et al 2022;Carrapiço et al 2023;Mitri et al 2023). Au NPs are adaptable and resourceful and can be modi ed into various shapes depending on the need to switch from one task to another (Manjubaashini and Thangadurai 2023).…”

One-pot and facile preparation of gold nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a reducing and stabilising agent for protein immobilisation

“…Researchers have focused on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, nanostructures, and nanomaterial owing to their excellent properties [2]. Noble metallic nanoparticles such as silver, gold, and platinum have been utilised for disease diagnosis [3], treatment [4,5], polymer synthesis [6], bio-or nanosensor technology [7], and the labelling of optoelectronic media [8].…”