Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles

Rizzo, Gianfranco; Naddeo, Massimo; Pisanti, Cecilia

doi:10.1504/ijpt.2018.090352

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…a is given by: ! a = k a m (13) where the unit air mass aerosol transmissivity, k a , is equal to 0.90.…”

Section: The Modified Kasten Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides prevailing use of batteries as storage systems, the recourse to Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) [11] and to hydrogen and electrolyzers has been also considered, with the recourse to complex stochastic methodologies [12]. Demand response approach is often used, also considering multi-objective approach to achieve the best compromise between minimizing cost of electricity and polluting emissions [13]. The comprehensive benefits of solar assisted EV charging facilities in a complex urban environment has been also analysed [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Provisional Model for the Optimal Management of a Charging Station Assisted by Photovoltaic Panels for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Rizzo

Antonio²,

Massaro³

2021

J. Solar Eneg. Res. Updat.

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There is a strongly increasing diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), in order to reduce air pollution in urban environment and to mitigate the global warming issues. Anyway, the achievement of this latter goal strictly depends on the source of primary energy used to generate electrical energy. In the paper, a model for the optimal design and operation of a charging station for EV and PHEV assisted by a PhotoVoltaic (PV) plant is presented. A provisional model for the estimation of the incoming insolation, based on cloudiness prevision, is integrated with a nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm, in order to satisfy the load while minimizing the recourse to electrical grid for battery storage charging. Simulations on different locations and charging loads for various size of PV plant and battery capacity are presented, and the benefits in terms of CO2 reduction discussed.

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“…a is given by: ! a = k a m (13) where the unit air mass aerosol transmissivity, k a , is equal to 0.90.…”

Section: The Modified Kasten Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Provisional Model for the Optimal Management of a Charging Station Assisted by Photovoltaic Panels for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Rizzo

Antonio²,

Massaro³

2021

J. Solar Eneg. Res. Updat.

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“…Upgrading conventional vehicles to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) can represent a viable and feasible way to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, particularly in urban areas, avoiding a premature and massive scrapping of conventional cars. The "reuse" of the car, in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective, allows reducing the impact on CO 2 and energy consumption due to a premature dismissal of the car [19][20][21]. Some cases reported in literature are presented in the following.…”

Section: Vehicle Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) can be divided into three categories according to how the two propulsion systems (the thermal and the electric ones) supply the driving torque to the vehicle. When the torque is supplied only by an electric propulsion system, while the heat engine takes care of generating the electricity needed to operate the system, it is called a hybrid-series. Conversely, when both propulsion systems provide torque, the vehicle is identified with parallel hybrid wording. Among the parallel hybrids there is a particular configuration called Through-the-Road (TTR). In this configuration, the two propulsion systems are not mechanically connected to each other, but it is precisely the road that allows hybrid propulsion. This architecture, dating back to the early twentieth century, is still used by several manufacturers and carries with it peculiar configurations and control methods. It is also a configuration that fits well with the transformation of conventional vehicles into a hybrid. The paper presents a survey of the TTR HEV solution, evidencing applications, potentialities and limits.

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“…Researchers of the University of Salermo have developed an aftermarket hybridization kit by installing EMs in the rear wheels of a combustion vehicle originally driven only through the front wheels. The batteries of this kit can be loaded by regenerative braking, by plugging the kit to the grid, and by the energy acquired through solar panels installed on the vehicle roof [21]. In the best conditions, the resulting vehicle would have the fuel economy improved by 11% under the NEDC and 20.5% considering the FTP 72 driving cycle [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The batteries of this kit can be loaded by regenerative braking, by plugging the kit to the grid, and by the energy acquired through solar panels installed on the vehicle roof [21]. In the best conditions, the resulting vehicle would have the fuel economy improved by 11% under the NEDC and 20.5% considering the FTP 72 driving cycle [21]. It is expected that 10% of vehicle owners are interested in installing this kit [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Aftermarket Hybridization Kit: Reducing Costs and Emissions Considering a Local Driving Cycle

et al. 2020

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For decades, drivers and fleet managers have been impacted by the instability of fuel prices, the need to save resources and the duty to meet and attain environmental regulations and certifications. Aiming to increase performance and efficiency and reduce emissions and mileage costs, plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been pointed out as a viable option, but there are gaps related to tools that could improve the numerous existing conventional vehicles. This study presents the design of an aftermarket hybridization kit that converts a vehicle originally driven by a combustion engine into a PHEV. To achieve this goal, an optimization was conducted with the objective of decreasing the cost (regarding fuel consumption and battery charging) to perform a local driving cycle, while attenuating the tailpipe emissions and reducing the battery mass. The torque curves of the electric motors, the battery capacity, the parameters for a gear shifting strategy and the parameters for a power split control were the design variables in the optimization process. This study used the Campinas driving cycle, which was experimentally obtained in a real-world driving scenario. The use of a local driving cycle to tune the design variables of an aftermarket optimization kit is important to achieve a customized product according to the selling location. Among the optimum solutions, the best trade-off configuration was able to decrease the mileage cost in 22.55%, and reduce the tailpipe emissions by 28.4% CO, 33.55% NOx and 19.11% HC, with the addition of a 137 kg battery.

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Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

A Provisional Model for the Optimal Management of a Charging Station Assisted by Photovoltaic Panels for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

A Provisional Model for the Optimal Management of a Charging Station Assisted by Photovoltaic Panels for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

A Survey on Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Design of an Aftermarket Hybridization Kit: Reducing Costs and Emissions Considering a Local Driving Cycle

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