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Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was built to demonstrate high-power, long-pulse operations under fusion-relevant conditions, with major radius R = 1.9 m, minor radius a = 0.5 m, and design pulse length up to 1000s. It has an ITER-like D-shaped cross-section with two symmetric divertors at the top and bottom, accommodating both single null and double null divertor configurations. EAST construction was started in 2000, and its first plasma was successfully obtained in 2006. In the past 15 years, plasma-facing components, plasma heating, diagnostics, and other systems have been upgraded step by step to meet its mission on exploring of the scientific and technological bases for fusion reactors and studying the physics and engineering technology issues with long pulse steady-state operation. An advanced steady-state plasma operation scenario has been developed, and plasma parameters were greatly improved. Meanwhile, front physics on the magnetic confinement plasmas have been systemically investigated and lots of fruitful results were realized, covering transport and confinement, MHD stabilities, pedestal physics, divertor and scrap-off layer (SOL) physics, and energetic particle physics. This brief review of EAST on engineering upgrading, stand-steady operation scenario development, and plasma physics investigation would be useful for the reference on construction and operation of a superconducting tokamak, such as ITER and future fusion reactor.
Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was built to demonstrate high-power, long-pulse operations under fusion-relevant conditions, with major radius R = 1.9 m, minor radius a = 0.5 m, and design pulse length up to 1000s. It has an ITER-like D-shaped cross-section with two symmetric divertors at the top and bottom, accommodating both single null and double null divertor configurations. EAST construction was started in 2000, and its first plasma was successfully obtained in 2006. In the past 15 years, plasma-facing components, plasma heating, diagnostics, and other systems have been upgraded step by step to meet its mission on exploring of the scientific and technological bases for fusion reactors and studying the physics and engineering technology issues with long pulse steady-state operation. An advanced steady-state plasma operation scenario has been developed, and plasma parameters were greatly improved. Meanwhile, front physics on the magnetic confinement plasmas have been systemically investigated and lots of fruitful results were realized, covering transport and confinement, MHD stabilities, pedestal physics, divertor and scrap-off layer (SOL) physics, and energetic particle physics. This brief review of EAST on engineering upgrading, stand-steady operation scenario development, and plasma physics investigation would be useful for the reference on construction and operation of a superconducting tokamak, such as ITER and future fusion reactor.
As the need of automation increases significantly, a control system needs to be easily programmable, flexible, reliable, robust and cost effective. In this paper a review on the application of programmable logic controller (PLC) in our current market is discussed. Investigations on the applications of PLCs in energy research, engineering studies, industrial control applications and monitoring of plants are reviewed in this paper. PLCs do have its own limitations, but findings indicate that PLCs have more advantages than limitations. This paper concludes that PLCs can be used for any applications whether it is of simple or complicated control system.
The purpose of this research is to design a virtual educational simulation device as a training aid for the Programmable Logic Controller. This software is equipped with an extensive library of process models to mimic the functional behavior of real factory processes, thus helping students to practice controlling various industrial processes by using various tools from PLC. The advantage of this simulator is that it provides analytical tools to get concise information about the output performance of the controlled system. The method used in this research is the Descriptive Analysis Method which consists of five stages, namely problem identification, literature study, instrument design, implementation, and testing and evaluation. The implementation of this software is based on LabVIEW (Laboratory Laboratory Workbench) on the PC. Exchange of control signals between the actual PLC (any PLC can be used) and the PC via the signal conditioning circuit and the Arduino. The results of this study are that three factory models have been made. The first factory model is a traffic light control system of two adjacent intersections. The second factory model is water level control in the tank. The third factory model is a multi elevator control system. The analysis tools for the first plant is information about the total waiting time of all vehicles passing through the intersection. The analysis tools for the second plant is a system performance graph that is equipped with maximum overshoot, settling time, and steady state error information. The analysis tools for the third plant is the total average floor displacement time of all elevator users. Therefore, this research has succeeded in making a virtual education simulation which, consists of three plant simulations and their analysis tools. The impact of this research is expected to increase students’ understanding of PLC and control techniques.
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