Updraft Gasification at Pilot Scale of Hydrolytic Lignin Residue

Cerone, N.; Zimbardi, Francesco; Contuzzi, L.; Alvino, E.; Carnevale, M.; Valerio, V.

doi:10.1021/ef500782s

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The residue was dried and then broken down in small pieces of about 4 cm with a bulk density of 372 kg/m 3 ; compared to the other feedstock lignin has a very high ash content (9%) [21]. More details on the analytical methods were previously reported [20][21][22].…”

Section: Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the effect of steam on the gasification stoichiometry has not been fully studied, especially in the case of autothermal gasifiers, wich are those of practical interest. In recent years our research group investigated updraft gasification with air, air and steam oxygen and oxygen of several feedstocks, including eucalyptus and spruce wood chips, torrified wood chips, almond shells, hazelnut shells, lignin rich residues of straw and wood biorefining [19][20][21][22]. Moreover, we have introduced a steam Equivalence Ratio, ER (H 2 O) analogous to the oxygen Equivalence Ratio ER (O 2 ) to have more insight in the steam reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Oxygen and Steam Equivalence Ratios on Updraft Gasification of Biomass

Cerone

Zimbardi

2021

Energies

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Several experimental datasets available on the gasification of different lignocellulosic feedstocks were used to correlate the flow of gasifying agents with the performance of updraft gasification in an autothermic 200 kWth pilot plant. The feedstocks used included eucalyptus wood chips, torrefied eucalyptus and spruce chips, lignin rich residues from biorefined straw and reed, shells of almond and hazelnut, which were gasified in flows of air, air and steam, oxygen, oxygen and steam. Thermal profiles inside the gasifier and gas quality in terms of incondensable gas and tar content were recorded and used to calculate the energy efficiency of converting solid feedstock into gaseous and liquid carriers. Common behaviors and parametric functionalities were identified to better understand the process and the most efficient tools to achieve the desired products. In analyzing data, the ratio steam to biomass was reported in terms of the equivalence ratio, ER(H2O) i.e., the fraction of the stoichiometric quantity required to convert the feedstock into H2 and CO2. The use of steam was useful to stabilize the process and to tune the H2/CO ratio in the syngas which reached the value of 2.08 in the case of oxy-steam gasification of lignin rich residues at ER(H2O) of 0.25. Larger use of steam depressed the process by lowering the average temperature of the bed, which instead increased steadily with ER(O2). The production of tar depends on the biomass type and a substantial reduction can be achieved with the torrefaction pretreatment. The same effect was observed increasing the residence time of the syngas in the reactor, typically achieved using oxygen instead of air as main gasification flow or reducing the ER(H2O). Oxy-steam gasification of torrefied wood led to the best results in terms of cold gas efficiency and low heating value when carried out in the ranger 0.23–0.27 of both the ERs.

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Section: Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxygen and Steam Equivalence Ratios on Updraft Gasification of Biomass

Cerone

Zimbardi

2021

Energies

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“…The syngas obtained from gasification of lignin-rich biorefinery residues offers the potential to produce higher-added-value products, such as liquid fuels and chemicals [2,3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Liakakou¹,

Infantes²,

Vreugdenhil³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The development of lignin derived energy products is one way to increase the value of biorefinery residues, which is the scope of the EU project AMBITION. Gasification of (lignin-rich) biorefinery residues, followed by product gas cleaning and anaerobic fermentation, offers a potential to produce higher added-value products such as biofuels and chemicals. MILENA indirect gasification allows complete fuel conversion and produces a high value gas composed of CO, H2 and CO2, as well as compounds such as CH4, C2-C4 gases, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). The separation of the most valuable components of the product gas is a good way to maximize the value from the feedstock via co-production schemes. The product gas, after appropriate cleaning to remove impurities that can reduce the fermentability of syngas, can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Some anaerobic microorganisms, known as acetogens, can be used as a biocatalyst for the conversion of syngas into short-chain organic acids and alcohols, like acetate, ethanol, butanol, butan-2,3-diol and butyric acid. The ability of these microorganisms to withstand some of the impurities contained in the syngas and their flexibility to use different mixtures of CO and/or CO2 and H2 makes these bacteria an attractive alternative to the chemical catalytic processes. Despite these advantages, the integration of gasification with syngas fermentation is still in an early stage of development, where many questions exist concerning the syngas quality needed in the fermentation process. The challenge is to define the optimum gasification conditions for this type of feedstock that will provide a H2:CO:CO2 ratio at values suitable for syngas fermentation, as well as to identify and remove the compounds that can inhibit the performance of the microorganisms. In this work a first attempt to combine the two processes is presented.A lignin rich feedstock was gasified with steam at 780°C using MILENA indirect gasifier, at TNO. The product gas after removal of the main impurities, consisted of CO, H2, CO2, N2, CH4 and traces of other gaseous hydrocarbons, benzene and H2S. The influence of the obtained syngas quality and composition was evaluated in the fermentation process, at KIT. For comparison, product gas from beech wood gasification after cleaning was also evaluated in the fermentation process under the same conditions.The process involved growing cells in a batch system under continuous flow of biomass-derived gas. The strain used in this work is Clostridium ljungdahlii. The fermentation of both beech wood and lignin-derived syngas was successful, since no inhibition was observed. The carbon fixation onto products achieved for both cases was approximately 55%, while a slightly higher ethanol production was observed with the lignin-derived syngas. The total productivity (including both acetate and ethanol) at the end-point was 0.18 g/L/h for both fermentations.

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“…Usually it is provided by partial combustion of the combustible molecules that can be described by the exothermic reactions: C + ½ O2 →CO H°(298K)=-111 KJ/mol CO+½O2→CO2 H°(298K)=-283 KJ/mol H2 + ½ O2→H2O H°(298K)=-242 KJ/mol CH4 + 2 O2→CO2+2H2O H°(298K)=-891 kJ/mol Several gasification reactors were designed and developed, the most commons are fixed bed (down-draft and up-draft), bubbling fluidized bed (simple, recirculating etc.) [2][3][4][5]. According to the design of the reactor to its temperature field, the steps of the gasification could happen in different spots of the gasifier.…”

Section: Cαhβoγ→aco+bh2+cch4+dco2+eh2o+fc+gcδhεoϑmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification by Different Agents

Freda¹,

Vittoria²,

Fanelli³

et al. 2020

IJES

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Biomass gasification was investigated by a thermodynamic analysis with the scope to understand the effect of the injection of different gasifying agents and of the gasification temperature on the output variables of process. The thermodynamic analysis was carried out by a freeware commercial software. Gasification temperature in the range of 750-950°C, together with different gasification agents air and steam, were investigated. In the case of air process equivalence was varied up to complete combustion of the biomass. For steam gasification the molar steam/biomass ratio was increased up to 9. The investigated output variables of the process were gas yield, heating value and gas composition.

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Updraft Gasification at Pilot Scale of Hydrolytic Lignin Residue

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Oxygen and Steam Equivalence Ratios on Updraft Gasification of Biomass

Effects of Oxygen and Steam Equivalence Ratios on Updraft Gasification of Biomass

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification by Different Agents

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