Updating traditional regulatory tests for use with novel materials: Nanomaterial toxicity testing with Daphnia magna

Nasser, Fatima; Lynch, Iseult

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.045

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[95] This is likely as the mono-dispersed particles were less easily filtered and thus passed straight through with the water phase, as has been demonstrated for smaller PS particles compared to larger particles closer in size to the natural food sources of D. magna. [96] Recently, proteins in the secretions of zebrafish were found to be adsorbed by graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSs), further altering the morphology and toxicity of GO NSs. [97] On the other hand, proteins inside cells or bodily fluids (e.g., blood, cerebrospinal fluid, mucus, digestive juice, lymph, lysosomal fluid) for aquatic organisms play a more critical role in the cellular interactions and toxic effects of ENMs.…”

Section: (6 Of 23)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crucial Role of Environmental Coronas in Determining the Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials

Wang

et al. 2020

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In aquatic environments, a large number of ecological macromolecules (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and proteins) can adsorb onto the surface of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to form a unique environmental corona. The presence of environmental corona as an eco–nano interface can significantly alter the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and toxicity of pristine ENMs to aquatic organisms. However, as an emerging field, research on the impact of the environmental corona on the fate and behavior of ENMs in aquatic environments is still in its infancy. To promote a deeper understanding of its importance in driving or moderating ENM toxicity, this study systemically recapitulates the literature of representative types of macromolecules that are adsorbed onto ENMs; these constitute the environmental corona, including NOM, EPS, proteins, and surfactants. Next, the ecotoxicological effects of environmental corona‐coated ENMs on representative aquatic organisms at different trophic levels are discussed in comparison to pristine ENMs, based on the reported studies. According to this analysis, molecular mechanisms triggered by pristine and environmental corona‐coated ENMs are compared, including membrane adhesion, membrane damage, cellular internalization, oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Finally, current knowledge gaps and challenges in this field are discussed from the ecotoxicology perspective.

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Section: (6 Of 23)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crucial Role of Environmental Coronas in Determining the Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials

Wang

et al. 2020

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“…We have argued previously that the presence of biological macromolecules is essential for NP ecotoxicity assessment to allow formation of the eco‐corona and reduce the surface energy of the NPs as would occur instantaneously in the environment. [ 25–27 ] The present study investigates the effects of chronic (from 24 h old to 24–30 days) parental (F0) exposures, to both pristine and 6‐month aged uncoated Ag, PVP Ag and Ag 2 S NPs in a standard Daphnia culture medium (HH Combo) and in a synthetic European lowland water (Class V from [ 28 ] ) containing natural organic matter (NOM). The subsequent three generations (F1‐3) were split (from F1 onward) into two groups–half were continuously exposed for multiple generations (F1–F3 exp ) and half were removed from the maternal exposure and grown in NP‐free medium for 3 generations (F1–F3 rec ) to identify the potential recovery scenario, as shown schematically in Figure S13 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational Exposures of Daphnia Magna to Pristine and Aged Silver Nanoparticles: Epigenetic Changes and Phenotypical Ageing Related Effects

Ellis

Kissane

Hoffman

et al. 2020

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Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) undergo physical, chemical, and biological transformation after environmental release, resulting in different properties of the "aged" versus "pristine" forms. While many studies have investigated the ecotoxicological effects of silver (Ag) NPs, the majority focus on "pristine" Ag NPs in simple exposure media, rather than investigating realistic environmental exposure scenarios with transformed NPs. Here, the effects of "pristine" and "aged" Ag NPs are systematically evaluated with different surface coatings on Daphnia magna over four generations, comparing continuous exposure versus parental only exposure to assess recovery potential for three generations. Biological endpoints including survival, growth and reproduction and genetic effects associated with Ag NP exposure are investigated. Parental exposure to "pristine" Ag NPs has an inhibitory effect on reproduction, inducing expression of antioxidant stress related genes and reducing survival. Pristine Ag NPs also induce morphological changes including tail losses and lipid accumulation associated with aging phenotypes in the heart, abdomen, and abdominal claw. These effects are epigenetic remaining two generations post-maternal exposure (F2 and F3). Exposure to identical Ag NPs (same concentrations) aged for 6 months in environmentally realistic water containing natural organic matter shows considerably reduced toxicological effects in continuously exposed generations and to the recovery generations.

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“…Indeed, it is difficult to remove all traces of NOM as even after using ion exchange to remove the majority of NOM, drinking water itself still contains between 2–10 ppm of NOM so that there are always traces of biological matter . More importantly, organisms condition their surrounding medium very rapidly (minutes) and thus even if there are no biomolecules present in the medium at the start of the test, there will be within minutes, the nature of which will depend on the severity of the toxicant and its concentration, which will interact with the NMs, thereby dynamically altering the system during the test, confounding the results . Here, we aim to bring a new perspective on the importance of the eco‐corona for reliable ecotoxicity testing of NMs, and provide a framework within which to evaluate the modulating effect of the eco‐corona on NMs toxicity, utilizing D. magna as the demonstration case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in the Environment Acquire an “Eco‐Corona” Impacting their Toxicity to Daphnia Magna—a Call for Updating Toxicity Testing Policies

2019

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Nanomaterials (NMs) are particles with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm and a large surface area to volume ratio, providing them with exceptional qualities that are exploited in a variety of industrial fields. Deposition of NMs into environmental waters during or after use leads to the adsorption of an ecological (eco-) corona, whereby a layer of natural biomolecules coats the NM changing its stability, identity and ultimately toxicity. The eco-corona is not currently incorporated into ecotoxicity tests, although it has been shown to alter the interactions of NMs with organisms such as Daphnia magna (D. magna). Here, the literature on environmental biomolecule interactions with NMs is synthesized and a framework for understanding the eco-corona composition and its role in modulating NMs ecotoxicity is presented, utilizing D. magna as a model. The importance of including biomolecules as part of the current international efforts to update the standard testing protocols for NMs, is highlighted. Facilitating the formation of an eco-corona prior to NMs ecotoxicity testing will ensure that signaling pathways perturbed by the NMs are real rather than being associated with the damage arising from reactive NM surfaces "acquiring" a corona by pulling biomolecules from the organism's surface.novel and unique qualities that are not traditionally exhibited by bulk material of the same composition. NMs have been at the core of novel research for two decades and are incorporated into products spanning a range of industrial fields. For example, NMs properties are exploited in cancer research, such as the utilization of surface plasmon resonance properties of gold (Au) NMs; here the NMs are conjugated to antibodies complementary to antigens on cancer cells and are thereby internalized, following which oscillation of the Au electron cloud at a specific wavelength of light converts the absorbed light into localized heat to specifically destroy cancer cells. [1] Another example is exploitation of the antimicrobial properties of silver (Ag) NMs which undergo high dissolution to release Ag + ions [2] and where the dissolution site, rate (and thus toxicity) can be adjusted depending on the surface coating. [3] Considering that NMs are becoming so widely used, their release into the environment is inevitable. Despite this, considerably less research has focused on the implications of NMs on environmental organisms, especially under realistic conditions, than on development of their applications. NMs may enter freshwater systems from industrial effluent, where, for example, the concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) NMs, widely used in sunscreens and paints, in river waters has been found to be as high as 150 ng L −1 , [4] while gold (Au) NMs excreted following use in medical applications into surface waters have been predicted to be 470 pg L −1 [5] With deposition of NMs into environmental waters increasing, concerns regarding the potential for toxicity posed by NMs have demanded action, although the standard testing approaches h...

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Updating traditional regulatory tests for use with novel materials: Nanomaterial toxicity testing with Daphnia magna

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

The Crucial Role of Environmental Coronas in Determining the Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials

The Crucial Role of Environmental Coronas in Determining the Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials

Multigenerational Exposures of Daphnia Magna to Pristine and Aged Silver Nanoparticles: Epigenetic Changes and Phenotypical Ageing Related Effects

Nanomaterials in the Environment Acquire an “Eco‐Corona” Impacting their Toxicity to Daphnia Magna—a Call for Updating Toxicity Testing Policies

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