Updating the Oddy Test: Comparison with Volatiles Identified Using Chromatographic Techniques

Stephens, Catherine H.; Buscarino, Isabella; Breitung, Eric M.

doi:10.1080/00393630.2018.1471887

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Most of the emission tests [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] measure room temperature and middle RH emissions. This could be considered a risk, as many of the species identified as problematic are deterioration products of the materials tested and may not be present in the freshly produced material.…”

Section: Used For Notes Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Heritage Metals—Effectiveness of Oddy Testing and Mitigation

Thickett,

Batool

2023

Materials

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Metals are particularly sensitive to some pollutant gases. Many museum showcases and store rooms present atmospheres that can corrode cultural heritage artefacts containing metals. Whilst numerous strategies have been reported to mitigate such situations, avoiding them is preferable. Several approaches to testing materials used in construction, fitting out or dressing are used. The relative merits and drawbacks are discussed. Several parameters of the most widely used, accelerated corrosion ‘Oddy’ test are investigated. The influence of abrasive on subsequent corrosion of lead and copper coupons are assessed. Quantification methods for tested coupons are reviewed. The influence of test duration and temperature are assessed through comparison with real-life, long-term experience of material behaviour. Direct contact tests with touching the test material are investigated. Several materials present in artefacts are known to potentially cause corrosion when enclosed with metals in other artefacts. A number of situations are investigated with pollution and RH and some corrosion rate measurements. Ways to isolate artefacts or mitigate are explored and a decision support model is further developed.

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Section: Used For Notes Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Heritage Metals—Effectiveness of Oddy Testing and Mitigation

Thickett,

Batool

2023

Materials

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“…The sealed vessel is heated at 60 • C for 28 days to accelerate the emission of reactive chemicals that may be created in a museum setting over time. The level of corrosion on the metal coupons indicates the corrosivity of the emissions from the material and thus the material's safety for use near museum objects [2,3]. Despite the Oddy test's widespread use, it is often critiqued for a lack of standardisation, identification of corrosive emission types, and objectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of only one metal coupon per test, the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) [4] and the British Museum (BM) [5] both developed '3-in-1' versions where one reaction vessel contains all three silver, copper and lead coupons. The original glass stoppers [4] were replaced by silicone stoppers [5] or 3D printed nylon hangers [2]. While the most recent protocols from the BM and the Met are described thoroughly and address many of the factors that lead to inconsistent results for Oddy testing, over 20 other test methods are used in museums throughout the world [2,3,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original glass stoppers [4] were replaced by silicone stoppers [5] or 3D printed nylon hangers [2]. While the most recent protocols from the BM and the Met are described thoroughly and address many of the factors that lead to inconsistent results for Oddy testing, over 20 other test methods are used in museums throughout the world [2,3,6,7]. Some Oddy test procedures vary significantly from the original protocol with, for example, coupons being in contact with the material or removed from the reaction vessel before they have reached the full 28 days [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated corrosion detection in Oddy test coupons using convolutional neural networks

et al. 2022

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The Oddy test is an accelerated ageing test used to determine whether a material is appropriate for the storage, transport, or display of museum objects. The levels of corrosion seen on coupons of silver, copper, and lead indicate the material’s safety for use. Although the Oddy test is conducted in heritage institutions around the world, it is often critiqued for a lack of repeatability. Determining the level of corrosion is a manual and subjective process, in which outcomes are affected by differences in individuals’ perceptions and practices. This paper proposes that a more objective evaluation can be obtained by utilising a convolutional neural network (CNN) to locate the metal coupons and classify their corrosion levels. Images provided by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) were labelled for object detection and used to train a CNN. The CNN correctly identified the metal type and corrosion level of 98% of the coupons in a test set of the Met’s images. Images were also collected from the American Institute for Conservation’s Oddy test wiki page. These images suffered from low image quality and were missing the classification information needed to train the CNN. Experts from cultural heritage institutions evaluated the coupons in the images, but there was a high level of disagreement between expert classifications. Therefore, these images were not used to train the CNN. However, the images proved useful in testing the limitations of the CNN trained on the Met’s data when applied to images of coupons from different Oddy test protocols and photo documentation procedures. This paper presents the effectiveness of the CNN trained on the Met’s data to classify Met and non-Met Oddy test coupons. Finally, this paper proposes the next steps needed to produce a universal CNN-based classification tool. Graphic Abstract

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“…Since this test is insufficient to conclusively identify the long-term compatibility of materials, other strategies for material testing are being evaluated in cultural institutions. In order to fulfil this objective, several mass spectrometry (MS) approaches have been explored as faster and more comprehensive methods to detect off-gassing VOCs from museum construction materials [10][11][12][13]. However, most studies have focused on laboratory experiments, which require a sample to be taken from the material (invasive analysis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying VOCs in exhibition cases and efflorescence on museum objects exhibited at Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian-New York

et al. 2020

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Two mass spectrometry (MS) methods, solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME–GC–MS) and direct analysis in real time (DART-MS), have been explored to investigate widespread efflorescence observed on exhibited objects at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian in New York (NMAI-NY). Both methods show great potential, in terms of speed of analysis and level of information, for identifying the organic component of the efflorescence as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (TMP-ol) emitted by the structural adhesive (Terostat MS 937) used for exhibit case construction. The utility of DART-MS was proven by detecting the presence of TMP-ol in construction materials in a fraction of the time and effort required for SPME–GC–MS analysis. In parallel, an unobtrusive SPME sampling strategy was used to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accumulated in the exhibition cases. This sampling technique can be performed by collections and conservation staff at the museum and shipped to an off-site laboratory for analysis. This broadens the accessibility of MS techniques to museums without access to instrumentation or in-house analysis capabilities.

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Updating the Oddy Test: Comparison with Volatiles Identified Using Chromatographic Techniques

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Pollution and Heritage Metals—Effectiveness of Oddy Testing and Mitigation

Pollution and Heritage Metals—Effectiveness of Oddy Testing and Mitigation

Automated corrosion detection in Oddy test coupons using convolutional neural networks

Identifying VOCs in exhibition cases and efflorescence on museum objects exhibited at Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian-New York

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