Updating Biomass into Functional Carbon Material in Ionothermal Manner

Zhang, Pengfei; Gong, Yutong; Wei, Zhongzhe; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Zhiyong; Li, Haoran; Dai, Sheng; Wang, Yong

doi:10.1021/am5023682

Cited by 102 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The values of S BET were 147, 195, 278 and 509 m 2 g −1 for HTC+IL, ITC, Carb‐IL and HTC, respectively. The lowest S BET values for HTC+IL and ITC was expected since symmetry and size of ionic liquids anion play dominant role in the development of surface area, with large anions giving carbon materials of high specific surface area . Methanesulfonate is a small anion leading to carbon material of relatively low S BET value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ionic‐Liquid‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2018

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Carbon materials, prepared by using different methods with ionic liquids, are compared as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Materials were synthesized through the hydrothermal carbonization of glucose and by using the same method in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [bmim][MeSO3] as an additive. Another two carbon‐based materials were prepared by using ionic‐liquid‐based methods: ionothermal carbonization of glucose using [bmim][MeSO3] as a recyclable medium for the carbonization reaction and by direct carbonization of the ionic liquid in a one‐step method using [bmim][MeSO3] as the precursor for N‐ and S‐doped porous carbon (Carb‐IL). Characterization results showed the possibility of morphology and porosity control by using [bmim][MeSO3]. All materials were subsequently tested for the ORR in alkaline media. Carb‐IL showed enhanced and stable electrocatalytic ORR activity, even in the presence of methanol, ethanol, and borohydride, opening the possibility for its application in fuel cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ionic‐Liquid‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, an insoluble melamine sulfate was introduced to improve the HTC/soft templating, whose products can maintain ordered pore structure after thermal treatment of 900 o C. The asobtained products possess hierarchical structure containing ordered mesopores, nanoparticles, and monolithic. 55 Scheme 1 schematic of sodium polyacrylate-assisted HTC process. 56 Reproduced with permission from ref.…”

Section: Template Methods Based On Htcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived carbon: synthesis and applications in energy storage and conversion

2016

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The explosive growth of energy consumption hungers for highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices, whose innovation greatly depends on the development of advanced electrode materials and catalysts. Among those advanced materials explored, carbon materials have drawn much attention due to their excellent properties, such as high specific surface area and tunable porous structures. Challenges also come from global warming and environmental pollution, which require sustainable carbon-rich precursors for carbon materials. Hence, the use of biomass for carbon materials features the concept of Green Chemistry. This review has summarized the most advanced progress in biomass-derived carbon for the use of fuel cells, eletrocatalytic water splitting devices, supercapacitors and lithium-ion battery. Several synthetic strategies for synthesizing biomass-derived carbon, including direct pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and ionothermal carbonization, have been reviewed, and the corresponding formation mechanisms and prospects are also discussed. This provides fundamental insight and offers an important guideline for future design of biomass-derived carbon on specific energy application.Please do not adjust margins Please do not adjust margins process, the activators make great effects on the properties of the final products. Among those activators, KOH is very promising due to its lower activation temperature, hence leading to high yields, and well-defined micropore size distribution with ultrahigh SSA (up to 3000 m 2 /g). Through KOH activation, micropores and small mesopores can be introduced into the framework of various structured carbons. 33 The high SSA and increased micropore and mesopore volume demonstrate excellent properties in energy storage and conversion. Although, the activation mechanism of KOH is complex and it is not understood clearly, three main activation processes for KOH activation of carbon are accepted: 13 1) Potassium compounds, including KOH and some compounds (K 2 CO 3 and K 2 O) formed during the calcination process, react with carbon, generating the pore network; 2) the intermediate products (H 2 O and CO 2 ) contribute to the further development of the porosity via the gasification of carbon; 3) the as-prepared metallic K intercalate into the carbon lattices of carbon matrix effectively, leading to the expansion of the carbon lattices. The porous structure is created, after the metallic K and other K compounds are removed. Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the formation of HPCs: mixing the biomass with the "leavening" agents followed by pyrolysis under an inert gas, 34 (b) the SEM images with different mass ratio of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. 35 Reproduced with permission from ref. 34, 35. Copyright©Fig. 20 (a) schemiatic mechanism of the synthesis of nanostructured silicon/porous carbon spheres; the charge-discharge curves and schematic diagram of the lithiationdelithiation process (inset) of (a) Si NPs and (c) N-SPC, and (d) their cycling performance at constant densi...

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“…Nowadays, there is still not a generally accepted terminology for these processes what turns difficult to understand the classifications and underlying procedures followed by the distinct authors. In fact, the use of ionothermal/molten salt process can be linked either to the preparation of carbon materials with incipient porosity obtained at temperatures ≈ 200°C (ionothermal carbonization-ITC) [102] or to the preparation of porous carbons by a two-step process including the previously mentioned ITC followed by a thermal treatment of the ionothermal derived carbon at high temperatures (attaining 1000°C or more) [103,104]. Ionothermal/molten salt process is also considered in the case where the mixture of the carbon precursor and the ionic solvent is directly thermally treated at high temperature [105,106].…”

Section: Ionothermal Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Mestre¹,

Carvalho²

2018

Porosity - Process, Technologies and Applications

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Activated carbons are key materials in technological applications of multidisciplinary fields (e.g. adsorption, separation, and catalytic processes). The extensive use of these materials results from the combination of a well-developed pore network (micropores or micro + mesopores) along with the presence of heteroatoms (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). The large scale production of nanoporous carbons is a well-established process since the first patents date from the beginning of the twentieth century. Conventional activation methodologies are divided between physical, using steam or CO 2 , and chemical, being KOH, ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 the most commonly reported oxidizing agents. Due to the panoply of operational parameters that can be changed or added in the production of activated carbons, there is still room for R&D. In this chapter, both conventional and innovative synthetic processes are reviewed to offer an up-to-date picture regarding raw materials, carbonization step, activation process, and other approaches. Conventional activation of gels and chars obtained by novel approaches (i.e. sol-gel method, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and acid-mediated carbonization) and more innovative strategies (i.e. variations of HTC process, carbonization of organic salts and ionothermal approaches) are addressed. Textural, surface chemistry and morphological properties of the derived porous carbons were reviewed and critically rationalized.

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Updating Biomass into Functional Carbon Material in Ionothermal Manner

Cited by 102 publications

References 59 publications

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ionic‐Liquid‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ionic‐Liquid‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Biomass-derived carbon: synthesis and applications in energy storage and conversion

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

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