Updates on understanding of probiotic lactic acid bacteria responses to environmental stresses and highlights on proteomic analyses

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that improve the health of the host when administered in adequate quantities. Nonetheless, probiotics encounter extreme environmental conditions during food processing or along the gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses different environmental stresses that affect probiotics during food preparation, storage, and along the alimentary canal, including high temperature, low temperature, low and alkaline pH, oxidative stress, high hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and starvation. The understanding of how probiotics deal with environmental stress and thrive provides useful information to guide the selection of the strains with enhanced performance in specific situations, in food processing or during gastrointestinal transit. In most cases, multiple biological functions are affected upon exposure of the cell to environmental stress. Sensing of sublethal environmental stress can allow for adaptation processes to occur, which can include alterations in the expression of specific proteins.

Probiotic and Antioxidant Potential of Lactobacillus reuteriLR12 and Lactobacillus lactisLL10 Isolated from Pineapple Puree and Quality Analysis of Pineapple-Flavored Goat Milk Yoghurt during Storage

“…The pineapple fruit is an edible fruit made of flesh, with simple sugars like fructose and sucrose. This fruit is rich in antioxidants (vitamin C), and consumption of this fruit is beneficial against various organisms and scavenging activity [ 15 ]. Fermentation of pineapple puree and the survival of probiotic bacteria in pineapple juice are not very clear.…”

Effects of Sub-Lethal High Pressure Homogenization Treatment on the Adhesion Mechanisms and Stress Response Genes in Lactobacillus acidophilus 08

“…Together with GroES and DnaK, GroEL is part of the repair complex for the folding of denatured polypeptides, and it is involved in many stress responses (Weiss and Jespersen, 2010;Hernández-Alcántara et al, 2018) such as the exposure to acids and bases, high saline concentrations, ethanol, oxygen, and heat (Hartl, 1996;Wickner et al, 1999;Saibil, 2008). In fact, during these conditions, chaperonin proteins are expressed and they revert the denaturation of unfolded polypeptides (Weiss and Jespersen, 2010;Mbye et al, 2020). When chaperonins fail to fold the damaged proteins, the molecular scavenger ATP-dependent Clp protease acts in degrading the damaged proteins.…”

A Meat-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA, Expresses a Functional Parvulin-Like Protein with Unique Structural Property

“…LAB is considerably a group of extreme bacteria due to their survival capability at a very low pH (Mbye et al, 2020) stress implied that those organisms are equipped with supporting cellular machinery, including proteins or enzymes (Giordano, 2020). As an example, LAB is known to have a very efficient proton pump allowing the bacteria to maintain their intracellular pH under very low environmental pH (Wang et al, 2018).…”