Updates on Biomaterials Used in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

Abstract

One of the most popular and effective orthopedic surgical interventions for treating a variety of hip diseases is total hip arthroplasty. Despite being a radical procedure that involves replacing bone and cartilaginous surfaces with biomaterials, it produces excellent outcomes that significantly increase the patient’s quality of life. Patient factors and surgical technique, as well as biomaterials, play a role in prosthetic survival, with aseptic loosening (one of the most common causes of total hip arthroplasty failure) being linked to the quality of biomaterials utilized. Over the years, various biomaterials have been developed to limit the amount of wear particles generated over time by friction between the prosthetic head (metal alloys or ceramic) and the insert fixed in the acetabular component (polyethylene or ceramic). An ideal biomaterial must be biocompatible, have a low coefficient of friction, be corrosion resistant, and have great mechanical power. Comprehensive knowledge regarding what causes hip arthroplasty failure, as well as improvements in biomaterial quality and surgical technique, will influence the survivability of the prosthetic implant. The purpose of this article was to assess the benefits and drawbacks of various biomaterial and friction couples used in total hip arthroplasties by reviewing the scientific literature published over the last 10 years.

A review on manufacturing processes of cobalt‐chromium alloy implants and its impact on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility

“…The history of total hip arthroplasty and the development of various designs for THRs are well documented in the literature (Figure 1). [56][57][58] The two major components of THR are femoral and acetabular components (Figure 2). 59,60 The femoral components contain a femoral stem (made of CoCr alloy or titanium) 56 that is inserted into the femur either by press-fit or using bone cement (made of polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]).…”

“…59,60 The femoral components contain a femoral stem (made of CoCr alloy or titanium) 56 that is inserted into the femur either by press-fit or using bone cement (made of polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]). 56 The stem is connected to the femoral head (made of CoCr alloy or ceramics such as zirconia and/or alumina) 57,61 through a femoral neck (made of CoCr alloy or titanium). 61 The acetabular components contain a cup (made of titanium or CoCr alloy) that is implanted in the patient's acetabulum.…”

Data Analysis of Biomechanical Dynamic Modeling of a Prosthetic Running Blade

“…Biomechanics has long been integral to developing and refining prosthetic devices, focusing on the dynamic interactions between the human body and prosthetic components (Savin et al, 2023;Yaneva et al, 2023). In prosthetic running blades, explicit dynamic modeling emerges as a pivotal tool, enabling a deeper understanding of the complex biomechanical interactions.…”

Characterization of Micro-Threaded Stem Taper Surfaces of Cementless Hip Endoprostheses

“…Currently, there are approximately 60 different types of cementless stem components for hip prostheses available on the market [ 8 ]. Understanding the behavior of each prosthesis under specific clinical conditions is crucial [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…The primary reasons for the premature failure of joint arthroplasty are aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection [ 12 , 15 ]. Aseptic loosening can occur due to various factors, including implant micromotion within the bone during loading, the presence of corundum wear particles from grit-blasted surfaces, including the taper, generation of wear particles leading to inflammation and bone resorption, and subsequent formation of a suboptimal functional interface (osteointegration) between the implant and the patient’s bone [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”