Updates in technology-based interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Purpose of review Technological advancement has led to the development of novel treatment approaches for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to review recent studies which employ the use of technology to treat ADHD, with particular focus on studies published during a 1-year period from February 2019 to February 2020. Recent findings Most recent studies involved children aged 12 years and below. Interventions included cognitive training through games, neurofeedback and a combination of several approaches. More novel approaches included trigeminal nerve stimulation and brain–computer interface, and studies had utilized technology such as X-box Kinect and eye tracker. There was a shift towards delivering intervention at home and in school, enabled by technology. The study outcomes were variable and mainly included executive functioning measures and clinical ratings. These interventions were generally safe with few reported adverse events. Summary Technology has enabled interventions to be delivered outside of the clinic setting and presented an opportunity for increased access to care and early intervention. Better quality studies are needed to inform on the efficacy of these interventions.

Manfaat Intervensi Berbasis Digital Terapeutik terhadap Peningkatan Atensi dan Perilaku Regulasi Diri pada Anak ADHD

“…Intervensi digital terbukti mampu mempengaruhi perubahan gambaran EEG di korteks prefrontal berkaitan dengan fungsi atensi dan regulasi atau pengaturan diri termasuk didalamnya pengaturan emosi dan impulsivitas yang umumnya muncul sebagai gejala anak ADHD. Meskipun demikian, diperlukan studi lain yang lebih rinci untuk memperkuat pengaruh intervensi digital sebagai kombinasi terapi yang efektif untuk mengurangi gejala anak ADHD (Lim et al, 2020). Penelitian serupa dilakukan oleh Koch et al, (2021) bahwa pemanfaatan metode Ambulatory Assessment berbasis aplikasi smartphone yang didalamnya memasukkan fitur e-diary dan dikombinasikan dengan perangkat yang dikenakan pada tubuh (akselerometer, sistem sensor tunggal elektrokardiogram atau aktivitas elektromodal) untuk menyelidiki parameter afektif, fisiologis dan perilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari memungkinkan dalam pemberian intervensi sesuai kebutuhan anak ADHD termasuk didalamnya adalah pengaturan regulasi diri (emosi, perencanaan dan pengorganisasian).…”

The interactions between attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome and addictions

“…Cognitive training using technology in today's youth can be engaging . With combination of augmented reality, neurofeedback and virtual reality the new intervention which is designed is called 'serious games' which aims to improve attention control and set shifting in children with ADHD [25] .…”

Efficacy of Integrated Neurofeedback and Virtual Reality Training in Children with ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Medications like central nervous system stimulants like methylphenidate and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors like atomoxetine are used [14]. Traditional physical rehabilitation interventions include Neurofeedback therapy, structured training, floor time therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and exercise training [15]. However, these methods have limitations, such as the significant side effects and poor medication treatment compliance [16], lack of variety, poor transferability, low one-on-one intervention efficiency, and high professional requirements for traditional physical rehabilitation interventions [17].…”