Updates in infection risk and management in acute leukemia

Logan, Clare; Koura, Divya; Taplitz, Randy

doi:10.1182/hematology.2020000098

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, China is a major hepatitis country, and one-tenth of population is a carrier of HBV. At the same time, whether family history of tumors is a risk factor for predicting the onset of AML is also a controversial issue ( 33 ). For children, in addition to the above factors, they will also be affected by maternal factors related to pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia

Guo¹,

Wang²,

Sun³

2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the main types of leukemia that threatens the life and health of patients. A large number of clinical studies have been conducted on the etiology of the disease. However, there are few evidence-based medical studies and no definitive treatment guidelines. Methods Related articles were searched from Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), EBSCO, OVID, Chinese Biology Medicine Disc (CBMDISC), and Wanfang databases. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to September 2021. The search terms were as follows: acute myeloid leukemia, AML, electromagnetic field, case-control study, cohort study, and risk factors. All literatures were included according to PICOS standards, and the risk of deviation and literature quality were assessed. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results The 10 articles included were of high quality and low bias risk. The research results showed that compared with healthy people, among the risk factors for AML, family tumor history [risk ratio (RR) =0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.57, 1.69); Z=0.08; P=0.94] and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate [odds ratio (OR) =1.34; 95% CI: (0.57, 3.13); Z=0.68; P=0.50] showed no significant differences, but the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rate [OR =1.60; 95% CI: (1.17, 2.19); Z=2.92; P=0.003] and environmental exposure rate [OR =1.49; 95% CI: (1.01, 2.21); Z=2.02; P=0.04] increased significantly. Conclusions A total of 10 articles were included to analyze AML risk factors and related content. The results suggested that HCV infection and environmental exposure history such as home decoration were risk factors for AML.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia

Guo¹,

Wang²,

Sun³

2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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“…Only two older trials [ 78 , 81 ] within the meta-analysis by Yahav et al [ 33 ] reported about patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. As these patients are exposed to even more intensive and prolonged chemotherapy protocols, including corticosteroids and sometimes anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (see below “Patients with lymphoma”) [ 84 ], antiviral prophylaxis to reduce reactivation of HSV and VZV is recommended for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia while on treatment (BI) (Table 6 ).…”

Section: Patient Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herpesvirus reactivations in patients with solid tumours and hematologic malignancies: update of the Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) on herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and varicella zoster virus

et al. 2022

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Clinical reactivations of herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus occur frequently among patients with malignancies and manifest particularly as herpes simplex stomatitis in patients with acute leukaemia treated with intensive chemotherapy and as herpes zoster in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma. In recent years, knowledge on reactivation rates and clinical manifestations has increased for conventional chemotherapeutics as well as for many new antineoplastic agents. This guideline summarizes current evidence on herpesvirus reactivation in patients with solid tumours and hematological malignancies not undergoing allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or other cellular therapy including diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic aspects. Particularly, strategies of risk adapted pharmacological prophylaxis and vaccination are outlined for different patient groups. This guideline updates the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) from 2015 “Antiviral prophylaxis in patients with solid tumours and haematological malignancies” focusing on herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus.

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“…Common treatment toxicities such as nausea, constipation or diarrhea should be prevented or rapidly treated. Anti-infective prophylaxis should be individualized depending on neutrophil count, anti-leukemic drug administered and patients' comorbidities [249].…”

Section: Supportive Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Therapeutic Approaches for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in 2021

Urbino

Secreto

Olivi

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients is characterized by unfavorable prognosis due to adverse disease features and a high rate of treatment-related complications. Classical therapeutic options range from intensive chemotherapy in fit patients, potentially followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), to hypomethylating agents or palliative care alone for unfit/frail ones. In the era of precision medicine, the treatment paradigm of AML is rapidly changing. On the one hand, a plethora of new targeted drugs with good tolerability profiles are becoming available, offering the possibility to achieve a prolonged remission to many patients not otherwise eligible for more intensive therapies. On the other hand, better tools to assess patients’ fitness and improvements in the selection and management of those undergoing allo-HCT will hopefully reduce treatment-related mortality and complications. Importantly, a detailed genetic characterization of AML has become of paramount importance to choose the best therapeutic option in both intensively treated and unfit patients. Finally, improving supportive care and quality of life is of major importance in this age group, especially for the minority of patients that are still candidates for palliative care because of very poor clinical conditions or unwillingness to receive active treatments. In the present review, we discuss the evolving approaches in the treatment of older AML patients, which is becoming increasingly challenging following the advent of new effective drugs for a very heterogeneous and complex population.

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Updates in infection risk and management in acute leukemia

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia

Evolving Therapeutic Approaches for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in 2021

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