Updates in biological therapies for knee injuries: bone

Abstract

Bone is a unique tissue because of its mechanical properties, ability for self-repair, and enrollment in different metabolic processes such as calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic cell production. Bone barely tolerates deformation and tends to fail when overloaded. Fracture healing is a complex process that in particular cases is impaired. Osteoprogenitor cells proliferation, growth factors, and a sound tridimensional scaffold at fracture site are key elements for new bone formation and deposition. Mechanical stability and ample vascularity are also of great importance on providing a proper environment for bone healing. From mesenchymal stem cells delivery to custom-made synthetic scaffolds, many are the biological attempts to enhance bone healing. Impaired fracture healing represents a real burden to contemporary society. Sound basic science knowledge has contributed to newer approaches aimed to accelerate and improve the quality of bone healing.

Double-Tension Wire Management of Nonunion Patella with Severe Quadriceps Contracture

“…The major risk of conservative management is loss of full extension and stiffness of the knee, which are undesirable especially in a young patient. Patellectomy is another commonly practiced salvage procedure [ 3 , 8 ]. This results in devastating problems like long periods of rehabilitation, anterior knee pain, restricted range of motion, incidents of giving way, swelling, and substantial reduction in strength of the quadriceps.…”