Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification

Abstract

Abstract. Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically in the Supplementary Material Section.

Negligent and intentional fires in Portugal: Spatial distribution characterization

“…The Tagus River divide the country into two regions of approximately the same area but with different topography and two sub types of temperate (group C) climate. In accordance with Köppen-Geiger's climate classification (Kottek et al, 2006;Peel et al, 2007;Rubel and Kottek, 2010), the two subtypes of Mediterranean climate in Portugal are: Csb (dry and warm summer) in the north part of the country; and, Csa (dry and hot summer) in the south (Fig. 1c).…”

“…The s map shows a very heterogeneous spatial pattern from north to south but with the classes of highest values located in the inland areas of central and north region. Goncalves and Morgado (2008) and including rivers (APA, 2017) and the location of Serra da Estrela; (b) spatial distribution of slope; (c) Köppen-Geiger's climate classification (Peel et al, 2007) and CORINE Land Cover 2006 (Caetano et al, 2009) with the location of Tagus River. …”

A meta-analysis of nutrient intake, feed efficiency and performance in cattle grazing on tropical grasslands

“…For the climate data, the average annual temperature and rainfall were reported when provided or otherwise extrapolated from the UNFAO data (http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/globgrids/KC_classification_en. asp) based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification (Peel et al, 2007). This classification was also used to specify climatic conditions for every publication (tropical and humid, subtropical and humid, semi-arid, warm and arid conditions).…”

Reconstructing seasonality using d18O in incremental layers of human enamel: a test of the analytical protocol developed for SHRIMP IIe/MC ion microprobe

“…The Khabur drainage in the north east ern part of Syria is char ac ter ized by semi-arid steppe cli mate (BSh ac cord ing to the Köppen-Gei ger clas si fi ca tion; Peel et al, 2007). At the east ern end of the Med iter ra nean Ba sin, the cli mate of the Khabur drain age ex hib its hot dry sum mers and cool wet win ters.…”