Updated stomatal flux and flux-effect models for wheat for quantifying effects of ozone on grain yield, grain mass and protein yield

Grünhage, Ludger; Pleijel, Håkan; Mills, Gina; Bender, Jürgen; Danielsson, Helena; Lehmann, Yvonne; Castell, Jean-François; Bethenod, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.026

Cited by 78 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Stomatal opening is controlled by water pressure in the guard cells which the plant regulates depending on the following: light -in general stomata open during the day and close at night; carbon dioxide concentration, with increasing CO 2 above current ambient inducing partial closure; soil water content, with stomata closing in drier soils to reduce water loss; temperature, with an increase in temperature increasing stomatal opening up to a species-specific maxima above which stomatal closing is induced; humidity, with greatest stomatal opening under low vapour pressure deficits and stomatal closing occurring at high vapour pressure deficits to conserve plant water; and phenology, with stomatal conductance reducing as plants age. An example of the range of stomatal responses to these environmental and plant controls can be found for wheat in Grünhage et al (2012). Other factors can affect stomatal opening, although not as directly as those listed above -for example, aerosols can damage the guard cells or block stomata and surface water can also block stomata.…”

Section: Role Of Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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Section: Role Of Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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“…3 and 4) were derived for the relative effect of ozone on above-ground biomass and harvest index, respectively, based on the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (representing the stomatal ozone uptake by the sunlit leaves) above a threshold of 6 nmol m −2 s −1 based on hourly values (POD 6 ) (Mills et al, 2011b). Stomatal conductance was estimated from air humidity (vapour pressure deficit), temperature, solar radiation and the influence of phenology (LRTAP Convention, 2010;Grünhage et al, 2012). Effects were related to the effect estimated at zero POD 6 for each experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have ozone effects on carbon sequestration been overestimated? A new biomass response function for wheat

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Elevated levels of tropospheric ozone can significantly impair the growth of crops. The reduced removal of CO 2 by plants leads to higher atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 , enhancing radiative forcing. Ozone effects on economic yield, e.g. the grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are currently used to model effects on radiative forcing. However, changes in grain yield do not necessarily reflect changes in total biomass. Based on an analysis of 22 ozone exposure experiments with field-grown wheat, we investigated whether the use of effects on grain yield as a proxy for effects on biomass under-or overestimates effects on biomass. First, we confirmed that effects on partitioning and biomass loss are both of significant importance for wheat yield loss. Then we derived ozone dose response functions for biomass loss and for harvest index (the proportion of above-ground biomass converted to grain) based on 12 experiments and recently developed ozone uptake modelling for wheat. Finally, we used a European-scale chemical transport model (EMEP MSC-West) to assess the effect of ozone on biomass (−9 %) and grain yield (−14 %) loss over Europe. Based on yield data per grid square, we estimated above-ground biomass losses due to ozone in 2000 in Europe, totalling 22.2 million tonnes. Incorrectly applying the grain yield response function to model effects on biomass instead of the biomass response function of this paper would have indicated total above-ground biomass losses totalling 38.1 million (i.e. overestimating effects by 15.9 million tonnes). A key conclusion from our study is that future assessments of ozone-induced loss of agroecosystem carbon storage should use response functions for biomass, such as that provided in this paper, not grain yield, to avoid overestimation of the indirect radiative forcing from ozone effects on crop biomass accumulation.

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“…On the ozone side, chamber, open-top, and other field experiments have resulted in hundreds of dose-response relationships for individual crop cultivars over a range of agro-ecological zones and ozone concentrations (15)(16)(17)(18). These dose-response relationships have been used to estimate global and regional crop loss in individual years, as well as into the future under different emissions scenarios (11,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent climate and air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture

Burney

Ramanathan

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

266

152

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Recent research on the agricultural impacts of climate change has primarily focused on the roles of temperature and precipitation. These studies show that India has already been negatively affected by recent climate trends. However, anthropogenic climate changes are a result of both global emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) and other short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Two potent SLCPs, tropospheric ozone and black carbon, have direct effects on crop yields beyond their indirect effects through climate; emissions of black carbon and ozone precursors have risen dramatically in India over the past three decades. Here, to our knowledge for the first time, we present results of the combined effects of climate change and the direct effects of SLCPs on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Our statistical model suggests that, averaged over India, yields in 2010 were up to 36% lower for wheat than they otherwise would have been, absent climate and pollutant emissions trends, with some densely populated states experiencing 50% relative yield losses. [Our point estimates for rice (−20%) are similarly large, but not statistically significant.] Upper-bound estimates suggest that an overwhelming fraction (90%) of these losses is due to the direct effects of SLCPs. Gains from addressing regional air pollution could thus counter expected future yield losses resulting from direct climate change effects of LLGHGs.climate impacts | ozone | aerosols | agriculture | India

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Updated stomatal flux and flux-effect models for wheat for quantifying effects of ozone on grain yield, grain mass and protein yield

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Have ozone effects on carbon sequestration been overestimated? A new biomass response function for wheat

Recent climate and air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture

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