“…Although there is increasing interest in using functional connectivity to inform target site selection in basic research settings (Eldaief et al, 2011;Halko et al, 2014;Lynch et al, 2019; and for TMS interventions (Cash et al, 2019;Cole et al, 2022;Fox et al, 2012;Klooster et al, 2022;Siddiqi et al, 2022), most conventional TMS protocols are not guided by the individual patient's functional brain organization. Instead, generic coil placements based on scalp heuristics (Beam et al, 2009;Mir-Moghtadaei et al, 2022) or stereotaxic coordinates derived from group-average functional maps (Blumberger et al, 2018;Weigand et al, 2018) have been used. One reason for these generic approaches is that reliable mapping of functional networks at the individual level can require large quantities of data per subject when using traditional single-echo fMRI methods (Gordon et al, 2017a;Laumann et al, 2015;Lynch et al, 2020a), which is a significant obstacle in clinical settings.…”