Updated Review on Pathology of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma with Emphasis on Clinically Relevant Findings

Abstract

<p>In the present review, we summarize and critically appraise recent advances in the pathology of endocervical adenocarcinoma. In recent years, the diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma has shifted from morphologic criteria classification in 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) to etiology- based classification of International endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). IECC recommends classifying endocervical adenocarcinoma into Human Papillomavirus (HPV)- associated and non-HPV-associated. Ultimately, this approach may lead to different treatment options based on molecular pathways rather than purely based on the tumor’s grade and stage. Recently, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) has incorporated stromal invasion patterns as an optional data set in the synoptic report. The pattern of invasion classification is a valuable prognostic tool in excision specimens. Conclusion: IECC is a simple classification system that recognizes and classifies endocervical tumors based on pathogenesis and association to HPV. The pathologists should also be familiar with the pattern-based classification of endocervical adenocarcinoma.</p>

Review of the Standard and Advanced Screening, Staging Systems and Treatment Modalities for Cervical Cancer

“…HPV16 is predominantly found in squamous cell carcinoma, while HPV18 is more commonly detected in adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinoma [ 13 ]. For these two types of cervical cancers, the risk factors, the HPV genotypes detected, and the treatment are similar [ 14 ], while the usual endocervical adenocarcinoma types, such as the mucinous, micropapillary, and villoglandular, are associated with HPV, and the gastric, clear cell, endometrioid, and mesonephric types are often not associated with HPV [ 14 , 15 ].…”