Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards

Yusuf, Ahmed; Sodiq, Ahmed; Giwa, Adewale; Eke, Joyner; Pikuda, Oluwadamilola; Eniola, Jamiu O.; Ajiwokewu, Bilkis; Sambudi, Nonni Soraya; Bilad, Muhammad Roil

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118421

Cited by 79 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Microplastics (MPs) are a pollutant of global concern [ 172 , 173 ]. They are defined as synthetic materials with a high polymer content [ 174 ]. Plastic microparticles have a size of 0.1 to 5000 µm.…”

Section: Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Vegetables—Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants

Knez

Kadac-Czapska

Dmochowska-Ślęzak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Root vegetables are known all over the world, but they are being less and less consumed by individuals. The main purpose of this article was to summarize the benefits, health effects, and threats associated with the consumption of carrot, celery, parsley, beetroot, radish, turnip, and horseradish. They are characterized by high nutritional value due to their richness in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. One of their most important features is their high content of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C. These compounds are responsible for antioxidant potential. Comparison of their antioxidant effects is difficult due to the lack of standardization among methods used for their assessment. Therefore, there is a need for a reference method that would allow for correct interpretation. Moreover, root vegetables are characterized by several health-promoting effects, including the regulation of metabolic parameters (glucose level, lipid profile, and blood pressure), antioxidant potential, prebiotic function, and anti-cancer properties. However, due to the type of cultivation, root vegetables are vulnerable to contaminants from the soil, such as toxic metals (lead and cadmium), pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, microplastics, and nitrates. Regardless, the low levels of toxic substances present in root vegetables do not pose health risks to the average consumer.

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Section: Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Vegetables—Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants

Knez

Kadac-Czapska

Dmochowska-Ślęzak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The majority of MP found in aquatic environment are secondary MP. Therefore, a potential way to reduce secondary microplastic pollution would be the reduction in the overuse of plastics [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ].…”

Section: Strategies To Reduce the Mp Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Path to a Reduction in Micro and Nanoplastics Pollution

Meegoda

Hettiarachchi²

2023

IJERPH

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Microplastics (MP) are plastic particles less than 5 mm in size. There are two categories of MP: primary and secondary. Primary or microscopic-sized MP are intentionally produced material. Fragmentation of large plastic debris through physical, chemical, and oxidative processes creates secondary MP, the most abundant type in the environment. Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem due to their abundance, poor biodegradability, toxicological properties, and negative impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms including humans. Plastic debris enters the aquatic environment via direct dumping or uncontrolled land-based sources. While plastic debris slowly degrades into MP, wastewater and stormwater outlets discharge a large amount of MP directly into water bodies. Additionally, stormwater carries MP from sources such as tire wear, artificial turf, fertilizers, and land-applied biosolids. To protect the environment and human health, the entry of MP into the environment must be reduced or eliminated. Source control is one of the best methods available. The existing and growing abundance of MP in the environment requires the use of multiple strategies to combat pollution. These strategies include reducing the usage, public outreach to eliminate littering, reevaluation and use of new wastewater treatment and sludge disposal methods, regulations on macro and MP sources, and a wide implementation of appropriate stormwater management practices such as filtration, bioretention, and wetlands.

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“…Marine microplastics (MPs) are one of the global environmental issues requiring urgent preventive measures 1 – 5 . MP, a plastic particle smaller than 5 mm, has been released massively into the aquatic environment from diverse sources, such as litter, cosmetic products, textile waste, packaging, construction waste, agricultural plastic film, tires, road paint, and artificial turfs 1 – 5 . Furthermore, MPs were found in the digestive tracts of marine and freshwater wild fishes 6 – 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of rubber tips of artificial turf fields by goldfish

Chiba

Fujinuma

Yoshitomi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Marine microplastics are one of the global environmental issues. The present study examined whether rubber tips of artificial sports fields could be marine microplastics. We observed the migration of rubber tips from the artificial turf field to the surrounding ditch connected to sewer pipes and then examined the ingestion of rubber tips using the goldfish Carassius auratus. The rubber tips found in sediments in the ditch suggest that the rubber tips could be sent to the river and released into the ocean. The goldfish ingested rubber tips with or without fish feed, and rubber tips were found in the intestine. However, the fish discharged the rubber tips within 48 h after ingestion. These results indicate that ingestion of the rubber tips was not accidental but an active behavior. Therefore, artificial turf sports fields could be a source of marine microplastics and may cause hazardous effects on wild fishes through ingestion.

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Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards

Cited by 79 publications

References 142 publications

Root Vegetables—Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants

Root Vegetables—Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants

A Path to a Reduction in Micro and Nanoplastics Pollution

Ingestion of rubber tips of artificial turf fields by goldfish

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