Updated population minimal eliciting dose distributions for use in risk assessment of 14 priority food allergens

Remington, Benjamin C.; Westerhout, Joost; Meima, Marie Y.; Blom, W. Marty; Kruizinga, Astrid G.; Wheeler, Marcia A.; Taylor, Steve L.; Houben, Geert F.; Baumert, Joseph L.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111259

Cited by 147 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A similar variability has been noted for sesame allergy patients in oral challenge studies [127][128][129]. Latest studies show that the minimal reaction elicitation dose (ED) in 5% of the sensitized population (ED 05 ) for sesame vs. peanut is as follows: 4.2 mg (95% CI, 0.6-57.7 mg) for sesame vs. 3.9 mg (95% CI, 2.8-7.1 mg) for peanut [130]. Thus, oral disease elicitation potency of sesame appears to be similar to that of the other currently regulated major allergenic foods.…”

Section: The Global Regulation Of Sesame For Food Safety: Does Sesamesupporting

confidence: 55%

The Global Rise and the Complexity of Sesame Allergy: Prime Time to Regulate Sesame in the United States of America?

Gangur

Acharya

2020

Allergies

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Sesame allergy is a life-threatening disease that has been growing globally with poorly understood mechanisms. To protect sensitive consumers, sesame is regulated in many countries. There were four research goals for this work on sesame allergy: (i) to map the timeline, and the extent of its global rise; (ii) to dissect the complexity of the disease, and its mechanisms; (iii) to analyze the global regulation of sesame; and (iv) to map the directions for future research and regulation. We performed a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar, using combinations of key words and analyzed the output. Regulatory information was obtained from the government agencies. Information relevant to the above goals was used to make interpretations. We found that: (i) the reports appeared first in 1950s, and then rapidly rose globally from 1990s; (ii) sesame contains protein and lipid allergens, a unique feature not found in other allergenic foods; (iii) it is linked to five types of diseases with understudied mechanisms; and (iv) it is a regulated allergen in 32 advanced countries excluding the USA. We also provide directions for filling gaps in the research and identify implications of possible regulation of sesame in the USA.

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Section: The Global Regulation Of Sesame For Food Safety: Does Sesamesupporting

confidence: 55%

The Global Rise and the Complexity of Sesame Allergy: Prime Time to Regulate Sesame in the United States of America?

Gangur

Acharya

2020

Allergies

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“…(2009) reported the lowest lupine eliciting dose, responsible for mild symptoms in peanut‐sensitized/allergic individuals, as 0.5 mg of lupine flour. The VITAL 2.0 program of the Allergen Bureau of Australia and New Zealand (ABA) recommended 4.0 mg of lupine protein as the reference dose for this allergenic food (Allergen Bureau, 2012; Taylor et al., 2014), value that was recently revised to 2.6 mg of lupine protein according to the new VITAL 3.0 program (Allergen Bureau, 2019; Remington et al., 2020). This value refers to milligrams of protein from an allergenic food below which only the most sensitive (1% for VITAL 3.0 and between 1% and 5% for VITAL 2.0) allergic patients are likely to experience adverse reactions (Allergen Bureau, 2019).…”

Section: Lupine Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value refers to milligrams of protein from an allergenic food below which only the most sensitive (1% for VITAL 3.0 and between 1% and 5% for VITAL 2.0) allergic patients are likely to experience adverse reactions (Allergen Bureau, 2019). Compared to the eliciting dose (ED01) of 0.7 mg for peanut, the same value for lupine is almost four times higher, suggesting that peanut is a much more potent allergenic food than lupine (Remington et al., 2020). Still, it is also important to highlight that the ED01 for lupine was calculated on the basis of 25 individuals (Remington et al., 2020), meaning that more studies with much more individuals are needed.…”

Section: Lupine Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lupine allergens: Clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross‐reactivity, and detection strategies

Villa

Costa

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Lupine is commonly utilized as a technological food and ingredient in a great variety of processed products (snacks, bakery, meat, and dairy products) principally owing to its nutritional value and technological properties. However, its ingestion, even at trace amounts (in the range of mg protein per kg of food), can lead to severe adverse reactions in allergic individuals. Lupine belongs to the Leguminosae family, having the conglutins (α-, β-, δ-, and γ-) as allergens, among other proteins. Cross-sensitization of lupine-sensitized individuals with other legume species, mainly peanut, can occur, but the associated clinical reactivity is still unclear. The protection of the sensitized individuals should depend on an avoidance diet, which should rely on the compliance of food labeling and, as such, on their verification by analytical methods. Food processing, such as heat treatments, has an important influence on the structural properties of lupine proteins, altering their detectability and allergenicity. In this review, different aspects related with lupine allergy are described, namely, the overall prevalence, clinical relevance, diagnosis, and treatment. The characterization of lupine allergens and their potential cross-reactivity with other legumes are critically discussed. The effects of food matrix, processing, and digestibility on lupine proteins, as well as the available analytical tools for detecting lupine at trace levels in foods, are also herein emphasized. K E Y W O R D S allergen, analytical methods, food allergy, Lupinus species, protein 1 INTRODUCTION Lupine belongs to the Lupinus genus from the Fabaceae or Leguminosae family, which also comprises soybean, peanut, chickpea, and other types of legumes (Villarino, Jayasena, Coorey, Chakrabarti-Bell, & Johnson, 2016). From approximately 450 known species of lupine, four are of agricultural and commercial interest: Lupinus albus (white lupine), native from the Mediterranean region and Africa; Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupine) from Australia; Lupinus luteus (yellow lupine) from Central Europe; and Lupinus mutabilis from South America (Jappe & Vieths, 2010; Sanz, de Las Marinas, Fernandez, & Gamboa, 2010). According to FAOSTAT, a total world production of 1,188,213 tonnes of lupine was reached in 2018. Australia is the main producer, with 714,254 tonnes in 2018, accounting to 60.1% of total world lupine production. In Europe, Russia and Poland are the main producers, reaching 136,352 and 124,314 tonnes in 2018, respectively, corresponding to 39.9% and 36.4% of total lupine production in Europe, respectively (FAOSTAT [http://www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#home]).

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“…To the Editor, There has been a long-standing interest in determining threshold dose distributions for different food allergens from a research and a risk management perspective. [1][2][3] More recently, allergen risk management programmes utilizing population threshold dose distributions to inform the decision-making process have been endorsed by multiple international stakeholder groups and national agencies. [4][5][6][7] The interest shown by all stakeholders regarding this area of research had placed an emphasis on gathering as many data points, from as many foods, as possible to better inform allergen risk assessments and risk management.…”

Section: Suitability Of Low-dose Open Food Challenge Data To Supplemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of low‐dose, open food challenge data to supplement double‐blind, placebo‐controlled data in generation of food allergen threshold dose distributions

Remington

Westerhout

Dubois

et al. 2020

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Updated population minimal eliciting dose distributions for use in risk assessment of 14 priority food allergens

Cited by 147 publications

References 41 publications

The Global Rise and the Complexity of Sesame Allergy: Prime Time to Regulate Sesame in the United States of America?

The Global Rise and the Complexity of Sesame Allergy: Prime Time to Regulate Sesame in the United States of America?

Lupine allergens: Clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross‐reactivity, and detection strategies

Suitability of low‐dose, open food challenge data to supplement double‐blind, placebo‐controlled data in generation of food allergen threshold dose distributions

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