Updated and extended European dataset of daily climate observations

Klok, E. J.; Tank, A. M. G. Klein

doi:10.1002/joc.1779

Cited by 276 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The meteorological station records were obtained from the European Climate Assessment Dataset project (ECAD, Klok and Klein Tank, 2008; http://eca.knmi.nl). We used homogenized meteorological records from three stations: "Valladolid-Villanubla", which was the closest station to CAR and VIA, "Ávila", the closest station to HOY, and "Huelva", the closest station to HNJ and VAL.…”

Section: Climate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability of stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.) growth response to climate across the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2016

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Climate warming and increasing aridity have impacted diverse ecosystems in the Mediterranean region since at least the 1970s. Pinus pinea L. has significant environmental and socio-economic importance for the Iberian Peninsula, so a detailed understanding of its response to climate change is necessary to predict its status under future climatic conditions. However, variability of climate and uncertainties in dendroclimatological approach complicate the understanding of forest growth dynamics. We use an ensemble approach to analyze growthclimate responses of P. pinea trees from five sites along a latitudinal gradient in Spain over time. The growth responses to April-June precipitation totals were stronger in the north than in the south. Since the 1950s, the sensitivity of growth to April-June precipitation increased in the north and decreased in the south.Meteorological drought usually started in May in the southern sites, but in June-July in the northern sites. The water deficit in the southern sites is thus greater and more limiting for tree growth, and this likely accounts for the lower growth sensitivity during these months. Our results indicate that P. pinea has a high degree of plasticity, suggesting the species will withstand changing climatic conditions. However, growth response to drought regimes varies among P. pinea populations, suggesting that different populations have different capacities for acclimation to warmer and drier climate, and this may influence future vegetation composition.

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Section: Climate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability of stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.) growth response to climate across the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2016

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“…We make use of the same station dataset that underpins the E-OBS gridded data, which were collated by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) in collaboration with over 50 partners from European countries, as part of the European Climate Assessment and Data (ECA&D) (Klok and Klein Tank 2009). In total, there are 2,316 stations, most of which have precipitation data, with a smaller fraction having both precipitation and temperature data.…”

Section: Station Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small squares show the 0.1°grids within the grid-boxes data we ensure that even if only four stations are selected, there will be sufficient data available for interpolation on a large proportion of days and that any analysis is not overly affected by sub-sampling from a changing master network. The data have been subject to an automated quality control by KNMI (Klok and Klein Tank 2009) so most potentially erroneous outliers have been removed. However, in the process of our analysis, we discovered some problems with potential duplicate stations in Ireland and Italy, where a few stations with slightly different latitude and longitude have the same values for most of the time.…”

Section: Station Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the station network is relatively sparse, comprising only 2,316 stations over Europe. While this is an increase of an order of magnitude compared to the data availability before the ENSEMBLES project started (Klok and Klein Tank 2009), there are approximately 18,000 0.22°grid-boxes over the European land area, so only a small fraction of grid boxes contain even one station. These two issues (variability of the density of the station network and sparseness of the network) can potentially affect the resultant grid box area-average estimates, in three main ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Acknowledgments We would like to thank all institutes (see Appendix 1 of Klok and Klein Tank (2009)) that made meteorological station data available for the study. This study was funded by the EU project ENSEMBLES (WP 5.1 contract GOCE-CT-2004-50539).…”

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The influence of interpolation and station network density on the distributions and trends of climate variables in gridded daily data

2009

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We study the influence of station network density on the distributions and trends in indices of areaaverage daily precipitation and temperature in the E-OBS high resolution gridded dataset of daily climate over Europe, which was produced with the primary purpose of Regional Climate Model evaluation. Area averages can only be determined with reasonable accuracy from a sufficiently large number of stations within a grid-box. However, the station network on which E-OBS is based comprises only 2,316 stations, spread unevenly across approximately 18,000 0.22°grid-boxes. Consequently, grid-box data in E-OBS are derived through interpolation of stations up to 500 km distant, with the distance of stations that contribute significantly to any grid-box value increasing in areas with lower station density. Since more dispersed stations have less shared variance, the resultant interpolated values are likely to be over-smoothed, and extreme daily values even more so. We perform an experiment over five E-OBS grid boxes for precipitation and temperature that have a sufficiently dense local station network to enable a reasonable estimate of the area-average. We then create a series of randomly selected station subnetworks ranging in size from four to all stations within the E-OBS interpolation search radii. For each sub-network realisation, we estimate the grid-box average applying the same interpolation methodology as used for E-OBS, and then evaluate the effect of network density on the distribution of daily values, as well as trends in extremes indices. The results show that when fewer stations have been used for the interpolation, both precipitation and temperature are over-smoothed, leading to a strong tendency for interpolated daily values to be reduced relative to the ''true'' areaaverage. The smoothing is greatest for higher percentiles, and therefore has a disproportionate effect on extremes and any derived extremes indices. For many regions of the E-OBS dataset, the station density is sufficiently low to expect this smoothing effect to be significant and this should be borne in mind by any users of the E-OBS dataset.

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Relationship between sunshine duration and temperature trends across Europe since the second half of the twentieth century

Besselaar

Sánchez-Lorenzo

Wild

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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Global radiation is a fundamental source of energy in the climate system. A significant impact of global radiation on temperature change is expected due to the widespread dimming/brightening phenomenon observed since the second half of the twentieth century. This work describes the analysis of 312 stations with sunshine duration (SD) series, a proxy for global radiation, and temperature series in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) with data over the period . The relationship between SD and temperature series is analyzed for four temperature variables: maximum (T max ), minimum (T min ), mean temperature (T mean ), and diurnal temperature range (DTR). The analyses are performed on annual and seasonal basis. The results show strong positive correlations between SD and temperatures over Europe, with highest correlation for DTR and T max during the summer period. These results confirm the strong relationship between SD and temperature trends over Europe since the second half of the twentieth century. This study supports previous suggestions that dimming (brightening) has partially decreased (increased) temperatures thereby modulating the greenhouse gas induced warming rates over Europe.

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Updated and extended European dataset of daily climate observations

Cited by 276 publications

References 24 publications

Spatiotemporal variability of stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.) growth response to climate across the Iberian Peninsula

Spatiotemporal variability of stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.) growth response to climate across the Iberian Peninsula

The influence of interpolation and station network density on the distributions and trends of climate variables in gridded daily data

Relationship between sunshine duration and temperature trends across Europe since the second half of the twentieth century

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