Update: Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1980–1990

Lindegren, Mary Lou; Fehrs, Laura J.; Hadler, Stephen C.; Hinman, Alan R.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036077

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Rubella has almost been eradicated by immunization programs in many developed countries, but outbreaks among unvaccinated individuals still occur [9]. The infection also continues to circulate in many countries with less effective immunization programs [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Seroprevalence and real-time PCR detection of RUBV among Congolese pregnant women

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRubella is an acute infectious disease caused by Rubella virus (RUBV). RUBV remains an important pathogen worldwide, causing approximately 100 000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) every year; and the most severe consequence of rubella is teratogenicity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of RUBV IgG antibodies and determine RUBV genotypes in Congolese pregnant women in Kongo central province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).MethodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study that consisted of a laboratory analysis of blood samples from 78 pregnant women to check for the presence of RUBV IgG antibodies, and also determine RUBV genotypes in seropositive samples (using primers targeting RUBV nucleoprotein), with the use of serological and molecular methods, respectively. Participants were pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics (ANC) at two health zones of Kisantu town in DRC. They were followed-up from the first to third trimester. Those who were negative for RUBV antibodies at the initial assay (first trimester) were tested in the second and, eventually, the third trimester.ResultsAn overall rubella seroprevalence of 58.97% was observed, whereas RUBV nucleoprotein was detected in 60% of randomly selected 30 blood samples among the 46 RUBV seropositive pregnant women. Five (27.77%) of positive samples were positive for both RUBV genotypes (RV8633/9112 and RV8945/9577), whereas 11 (61.11%) of them were positive for RV8633/9112 and two (11.11%) were positive for RV8945/9577 only. Regarding rubella clinical signs and complications, two subjects (2.56%) presented with fever, whereas five pregnant women (6.41%) had experienced abortion. None (0%) of the participants has been vaccinated against RUBV.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that RUBV is prevalent in Congolese pregnant women. Further research is required to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of RUBV in order to design a rational rubella surveillance and control program in DRC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Seroprevalence and real-time PCR detection of RUBV among Congolese pregnant women

et al. 2017

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“…The mean age of cases from two outbreaks among Hispanic industrial workers was 24 and 20 years, respectively [29], and the median age at the Westchester outbreak was 23 years [12]. Since introduction of rubella vaccination many countries, including the US [3][4][5], Britain [6,30,31], Greece [32] and Denmark [33,34] have noted the shifted age distribution in rubella infections.The only country without change in age distribution is Switzerland [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, most of the recent publications of rubella outbreaks are in locations where susceptible adults congregate, such as boarding schools, colleges, universities and prisons, as well as military institutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As a result, most of the recent publications of rubella outbreaks are in locations where susceptible adults congregate, such as boarding schools, colleges, universities and prisons, as well as military institutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Rubella aboard a Ship of the German Navy

Ziebold¹,

Hassenpflug²,

Wegner-Bröse³

et al. 2003

Infection

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Background: During May and June 1996, an outbreak of rubella occurred offshore aboard a ship of the German Navy. The outbreak spread among 330 crew members over a period of 9 weeks, ending 2 days after the ship's return. This is the first detailed epidemiological investigation of a rubella outbreak on a ship, describing temporal progression, clinical manifestations, immunization status and seroprevalence of the population exposed. Patients and Methods: Outbreak investigation using a questionnaire, health records and rubella serology (hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and EIA). Results: Of the 330 crew members 298 (90%) participated in the investigation. The outbreak was continuous without a peak and ended abruptly after the ship's return. It resulted in 20 cases, 11 of which were clinically symptomatic. A total of 35 (12%) crew members were susceptible to rubella prior to the outbreak, resulting in an attack rate of 57%. The highest risk for infection was linked to accommodation aboard the ratings deck ( 2 -test, p = 0.004) with most favorable conditions of transmission. Only 9% of the participating crew were able to provide complete proof of their immunization status. The positive predictive value of a past history of rubella for the presence of antibodies against rubella was 59%. Conclusion: The transmission of rubella that we describe aboard a ship was facilitated by the unusually close proximity of the crew and their insufficient immunity.

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“…By 1984, with outbreaks continuing (18), ACIP recommendations were expanded to include workers in government offices and at industrial sites (19). In 1988, state health departments reported an all-time low of 225 cases of rubella; however, in 1989, a total of 396 cases were reported, and in 1990, the number increased to 1,125 (20). Most cases were associated with outbreaks that occurred in settings where unvaccinated adults congregated, including colleges, workplaces, prisons, and in religious communities that did not accept vaccination.…”

Section: Rubella Vaccination In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievements in Public Health: Elimination of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome—United States, 1969-2004

2005

JAMA

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Update: Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1980–1990

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Rubella Seroprevalence and real-time PCR detection of RUBV among Congolese pregnant women

Rubella Seroprevalence and real-time PCR detection of RUBV among Congolese pregnant women

An Outbreak of Rubella aboard a Ship of the German Navy

Achievements in Public Health: Elimination of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome—United States, 1969-2004

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