Update on Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Abstract

Despite the advancements in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a leading cause of mortality and is accountable for approximately 15% of the total mortality in the USA. The prognosis after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) varies significantly and depends largely on the underlying etiology and the rapidity and efficiency of resuscitation; however, the outcome remains poor for most of the patients. The main culprits for SCD are coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Patients with HFrEF and an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 35% are considered for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement if the EF does not improve. A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) commonly known as a life-vest is sometimes used as a bridging modality until an ICD is implanted. The indication and utility of WCD is still a controversial topic. The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of literature for WCD utilization.

Prevention of Early Sudden Cardiac Death after Myocardial Infarction Using the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator—Results from a Real-World Cohort

“…Reviews analyzing the studies conducted so far and data from registries suggest that a WCD is an effective treatment option to bridge the time until an ICD can be implanted [26]. To apply this recommendation to the VEST cohort, patients would either need a reduced LVEF ≤ 35% without potential to recover or experience VA > 48 h after AMI.…”

A Review on the Application of Internet of Medical Things in Wearable Personal Health Monitoring: A Cloud-Edge Artificial Intelligence Approach

“…ECG patches [26] offer a noninvasive way to record electrocardiogram data over extended periods, aiding in the diagnosis of cardiac irregularities. Insulin pumps [27] and Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) [28] have significantly improved the lives of diabetics by offering precise glucose control and reducing the need for frequent blood sugar checks.. For pain management, TENS therapy devices [29] deliver targeted electrical stimulation to alleviate discomfort. Additionally, intraoral camera [30] enhance dental care, allowing dentists to capture high-quality images of oral health issues for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.…”