Update on the treatment of prostate cancer with external beam irradiation

Inhibition of p21-activated Kinase 6 (PAK6) Increases Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells

“…However, local recurrences and radioresistance remain significant clinical problems. Using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as a marker for tumor control, patients with organ-confined disease have a 5-year failure rate of 30-40% after ionizing radiation (2)(3)(4). Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of PCa cell survival following irradiation could help identify more specific target proteins and better design novel therapeutic agents that will help improve the outcome of radiotherapy.…”

The prognostic impact of cytokeratin‐positive cells in bone marrow of patients with localized prostate cancer

“…12,19 -21 In most studies on localized prostate cancer today, biochemical failure represents the outcome parameter either alone or often in combination with clinical progression. 28,29 However, as shown by Kupelian et al, rising PSA after curatively intended local treatment in general predicts the development of clinical progression, often after long intervals. 30 Pound et al reported that PSA progression preceded the diagnosis of distant metastases by a median time of 8 years after radical prostatectomy.…”

The treatment of chronic radiation proctitis with hyperbaric oxygen in patients with prostate cancer

“…Therapeutic irradiation is commonly used to treat clinically localized prostate cancer. Although radiation therapy is effective for localized prostate cancer, the rectum is often affected because of its proximity to the treated tumour [1, 2]. The incidence of severe chronic radiation proctitis induced by pelvic irradiation is reported to be 2–5%[3, 4].…”