Update on the treatment and prevention of ocular thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in naturally infected dogs from Spain

Marino, Valentina; Gálvez, Rosa; Mascuñán, Carmen; Domínguez, Inés; Sarquis, Juliana; Montoya, Ana; Barrera, Juan Pedro; Zenker, Clara; Checa, Rocío; Hernández, Mauro; Miró, Guadalupe

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.007

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…oral milbemycin oxime (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) (NexGard ® Spectra) and moxidectin spot-on (2.5%) (Advocate ® ), is effective in preventing thelaziosis in dogs [23,24]. Considering that the topical combination containing fipronil, (S)methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel is highly efficacious against developing stages of lungworms and heartworms [25][26][27], its efficacy in preventing the establishment of adult Thelazia in cats is worth of further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

et al. 2021

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Background The present clinical field trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a broad-spectrum parasiticide spot-on formulation containing eprinomectin (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm in naturally infected cats. Methods Fifteen privately owned cats harboring at least one live adult T. callipaeda were included in the study. Cats were randomly allocated to an untreated control group of seven cats or to a Broadline®-treated group of eight cats. Cats were treated on Day 0; ocular examinations were performed at inclusion and on Days 7 and 14; eyeworms were recovered and counted on Day 14. The primary efficacy assessment was based on group comparison of number of T. callipaeda on Day 14. Results Seven days after treatment, six of eight treated cats were negative for eyeworm infection per visual examination, and on Day 14 no eyeworms were found in the treated cats while the seven untreated cats were still infected (geometric mean: 1.97). All cats had inflammatory ocular signs at inclusion; on Day 14, five of eight treated cats had recovered while all untreated control cats were still symptomatic. All collected parasites were confirmed to be T. callipaeda by morphology and molecular characterization. Conclusions A single treatment with Broadline® provided 100% efficacy against feline thelaziosis and improved related ocular inflammation signs. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

et al. 2021

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“…The monthly administration of macrocyclic lactones has proven effective in preventing thelaziosis in dogs [ 10 , 12 ], while in cats, eprinomectin in combination with fipronil, (S)-methoprene, and praziquantel demonstrated high efficacy against the developing stages of lungworms and heartworms [ 2 , 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, the potential of eprinomectin in the prevention of the establishment of adult Thelazia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard^® Combo) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Di Cesare,

Zanet,

Traversa

et al. 2024

Parasite

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This clinical study assessed the efficacy of a topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard® Combo) in treating cats naturally infected with the eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda (Nematoda, Thelaziidae). On Study Day (SD) 0, sixteen client-owned cats with eyeworm infection were allocated to an untreated control group (G1, 8 cats) or to a NexGard® Combo treated group (G2, 8 cats) and subjected to ocular examination. Cats in G2 received the treatment as per label recommendations. On SD 7 and 14 (±1), cats were examined for the presence of eyeworms and clinical signs. On SD 14, eyeworms were collected and counted. On SD 7 and 14, all cats in G1 were still infected with eyeworms, while G2 cats were free from eyeworms on SD 7 and 14, demonstrating 100% efficacy (p < 0.0001). All collected eyeworms were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to be T. callipaeda. On SD 0, fifteen out of the sixteen cats (7 in G1 and 8 in G2) displayed inflammatory ocular signs. On SD 7, all eight untreated cats and seven treated cats displayed inflammatory ocular signs. On SD 14, five out of eight G2 treated cats had recovered, while the eight untreated cats still displayed inflammatory ocular signs. The treatment significantly reduced lacrimation and conjunctivitis (p = 0.0001). No adverse reactions occurred. This clinical study provides evidence that NexGard® Combo is highly safe and effective for the treatment of T. callipaeda infection in cats under field conditions.

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“…The prevention of T. callipaeda infecting dogs in highly endemic areas should be considered a priority for public health, as this parasite is well known to infect humans as well, with several reports published worldwide [ 37 – 43 ]. Therefore, since dogs are considered domestic reservoirs and main vertebrate hosts of this nematode [ 1 ], preventing the development of infection in these animals could also be a prophylaxis measure for zoonotic infection in humans inhabiting endemic areas [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, lower prevalence in Switzerland (i.e., 5.3% [ 13 ]) and Portugal (i.e., 3.8% [ 14 ]) may indicate the emergence of this parasite in previously non-endemic countries [ 12 ]. The high occurrence of this infection in dogs is also risky for people living close to them, as the vector, P. variegata , feeds on lachrymal secretions of several vertebrate hosts, including dogs and humans [ 15 ]. Therefore, treatment and prevention of this infection in dogs from endemic areas is advocated to reduce the risk to human health as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a formulation of sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) for the prevention of Thelazia callipaeda canine eyeworm infection

et al. 2022

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Background For a long time known as the oriental eyeworm, Thelazia callipaeda is a zoonotic nematode that infects the eyes of a wide range of vertebrate hosts including dogs, cats, wildlife carnivores, lagomorphs, and humans. The high occurrence of this infection in Europe and the first cases in the United States have increased scientific interest in the parasite, as it also represents a risk for people living in endemic areas. Therefore, treatment and prevention of thelaziosis in canine population are advocated to reduce the risk of human infection as well. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a formulation containing sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) administered orally at monthly intervals, for the prevention of establishment of infection with T. callipaeda in naturally infected dogs. In this formulation, moxidectin is expected to have efficacy against eyeworms, whereas sarolaner and pyrantel are not. Methods The study was conducted in eyeworm endemic areas of Italy and France, where dogs (n = 125) were assigned into two groups consisting of a negative control group (G1; n = 62), in which animals were treated monthly with a control product (sarolaner; Simparica®), and a treatment group (G2; n = 63) in which animals were treated monthly with Simparica Trio (sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel) from day 0 to day 150. In total, nine animals were withdrawn from the study (two animals became positive at day 30, and seven for reasons unrelated to eyeworm infection), resulting in 116 animals (n = 58 for G1; n = 58 for G2). Results In G1, 16 out of 58 animals (27.6%) were observed with eyeworms during the study, and none of the animals from G2 were ever observed with eyeworms, resulting in 100% efficacy (P < 0.0001) in the prevention of establishment of T. callipaeda infection. Adult nematodes and fourth-instar (L4)-stage larvae were recovered from the eyes of positive animals, counted, and morphologically identified as T. callipaeda. In addition, specimens from Italy were molecularly confirmed as belonging to the haplotype 1 (i.e., the only one circulating in Europe so far). Conclusions Data presented herein demonstrated 100% efficacy of Simparica Trio for the prevention of T. callipaeda eyeworm infection in dogs from highly endemic areas of France and Italy. The use of this formulation is advantageous, as it is a licensed product in Europe with a wide efficacy spectrum against other nematodes, multiple tick species, and fleas. In addition, preventing the development of infection in dogs could also be a prophylaxis measure for zoonotic T. callipaeda infection in humans inhabiting endemic areas. Graphical Abstract

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Update on the treatment and prevention of ocular thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in naturally infected dogs from Spain

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard^® Combo) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of a formulation of sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) for the prevention of Thelazia callipaeda canine eyeworm infection

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Update on the treatment and prevention of ocular thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in naturally infected dogs from Spain

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/eprinomectin/praziquantel (Broadline®) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard® Combo) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats

Efficacy of a formulation of sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) for the prevention of Thelazia callipaeda canine eyeworm infection

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Efficacy of a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard^® Combo) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats