Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo

Marchioro, Helena Zenedin; Castro, Caio César Silva de; Fava, Vinicius M.; Sakiyama, Paula Hitomi; Dellatorre, Gerson; Miot, Hélio Amante

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.008

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Thus, our data suggest that miR-23a may be involved in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. Bioinformatic analysis of miR-23a in this study has demonstrated that the GO pathways and gene enrichment analysis targets have been shown to be involved in vitiligo pathogenesis (21)(22)(23)(24) , particularly apoptosis and melanogenesis. This study is of limited sample size, and of single ethnicity, so selection bias cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Study of Plasma miR-23a Expression in Vitiligo Patients

Salman

Mohammed

Toraih

et al. 2023

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

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Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin depigmentation disorder with multifactorial causation, involving genetic susceptibility, immunological events, and environmental triggers. The exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are poorly understood. Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for disease detection and molecular targets for future treatment. Aim: Evaluating the expression level of circulating miR-23a in vitiligo patients and its association with the clinical features of vitiligo. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study comprising 50 vitiligo patients and 44 healthy controls. Plasma miR-23a expression levels were estimated by quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analysis for the miR-23a gene was performed. Results: Vitiligo patients displayed significantly lower circulating miR-23a expression levels compared to healthy controls. There was a significant negative correlation between miR-23a fold change and Vitiligo Area Severity Index (p= 0.003). Plasma miR-23a levels discriminated between vitiligo patients and controls with 60 % specificity and 64% sensitivity at the optimal cut-off value of 0.23 and likelihood ratio 1.61 (AUC=0.67). Conclusion: miR-23a along with its putative target genes could play a role in vitiligo pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Study of Plasma miR-23a Expression in Vitiligo Patients

Salman

Mohammed

Toraih

et al. 2023

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

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“…Other miRNAs were indirectly related to vitiligo with varying degrees (Table 6 ). Implicated genes related to melanogenesis (MITF, POMC), oxidative stress defense (PRDX5), apoptosis (FAS, p53, MYC), DNA repair (NBN, p53, and ATM), autoimmunity-related genes (TNF, IL2, IL6, IL1B, IFNG, TGFBR2, HLA-C, and STAT3), and cell adhesion (ITGA5) are closely related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In silico analysis of the 11 immune-related miRNAs in the studied autoimmune skin diseases (Figs 5, 6 and 7) revealed that the KEGG targeted pathways and GO biological processes, as well as the cellular components and target genes, have been consistently shown to be involved in psoriasis and vitiligo pathogenesis [53,[75][76][77][78]. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to identify the network of intricate interactions between each of these miRNAs and the molecules/genes/pathways involved in autoimmune disease in general and vitiligo and psoriasis in particular.…”

Section: Differentially Expressed Mirnas In Psoriasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Signature of Immune-Related MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Skin Disease: Psoriasis and Vitiligo Insights

et al. 2023

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Background Psoriasis and vitiligo are both chronic, skin-specific diseases classified as autoimmune diseases due to the involvement of several biochemical pathways in their pathogenesis, similar to those altered in other autoimmune diseases. The role of miRNAs in regulating skin autoimmune function has yet to be fully characterized. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the expression profile of a panel of 11 circulating immune-related miRNAs in patients with autoimmune skin diseases, specifically psoriasis and vitiligo, and correlate their expression signature with the clinicopathological features of the diseases. Subjects and Methods Relative gene expression quantification for 11 immune-related circulating miRNAs in plasma was done for 300 subjects-100 patients with psoriasis, 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 normal healthy volunteers-followed by different modalities of bioinformatics analysis for the results. ResultsThe expression levels of all the studied immune-related miRNAs were elevated in both autoimmune skin disorders, with much higher levels of expression in psoriasis than in vitiligo patients. There was a significant correlation between most of the studied miRNAs, suggesting shared target genes and/or pathways. Moreover, all the studied miRNAs showed significant results as biomarkers for autoimmune skin disease, with miRNA-145 being the best candidate. Regarding the clinicopathological data, miRNA-7, miRNA-9, miRNA-145, miRNA-148a, and miRNA-148b were positively correlated with age. All the miRNAs were inversely correlated with obesity and disease duration. Conclusion This study highlights the critical role of miRNAs in skin-specific autoimmune diseases that proved to be potential biomarkers for autoimmune skin disorders, warranting their exploration as therapeutic targets.

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“…Overexpression of Hsp70 was observed in progressive depigmentation in experimental animal models [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Interferon (IFN) signaling is an important factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo [ 87 ]. It was reported that Hsp70 can positively enhance the IFN signaling loop in the following manners.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: An Update on Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Chang

2023

Cells

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Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder caused by dysfunctional pigment-producing melanocytes which are attacked by immune cells. Oxidative stress is considered to play a crucial role in activating consequent autoimmune responses related to vitiligo. Melanin synthesis by melanocytes is the main intracellular stressor, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, the antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway functions as a crucial mediator for cells to resist oxidative stress. In pathological situations, such as with antioxidant defects or under inflammation, ROS accumulate and cause cell damage. Herein, we summarize events at the cellular level under excessive ROS in vitiligo and highlight exposure to melanocyte-specific antigens that trigger immune responses. Such responses lead to functional impairment and the death of melanocytes, which sequentially increase melanocyte cytotoxicity through both innate and adaptive immunity. This report provides new perspectives and advances our understanding of interrelationships between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We describe progress with targeted antioxidant therapy, with the aim of providing potential therapeutic approaches.

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Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo

Cited by 39 publications

References 112 publications

A Study of Plasma miR-23a Expression in Vitiligo Patients

A Study of Plasma miR-23a Expression in Vitiligo Patients

Expression Signature of Immune-Related MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Skin Disease: Psoriasis and Vitiligo Insights

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: An Update on Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

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