Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy

Reibel, Florence; Cambau, Emmanuelle; Aubry, Alexandra

doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2015.09.002

Cited by 118 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Time and type of treatment depend on the form of the disease. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is very important for interruption of transmission and control of dissemination (5,7,11). Accurate diagnosis is particularly challenging in the case of patients with borderline forms of leprosy who have unstable features.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This approach requires biopsy and bacilloscopy of skin samples obtained from an active lesion, which is the "gold standard" for leprosy diagnosis (11,12). However, this is associated with delayed diagnoses and presents low sensitivity in mild forms of the disease in addition to requiring experienced technicians to perform histopathological and bacilloscopic evaluations (11,13). Due to the impossibility of growing M. leprae in vitro, other alternatives have been evaluated to increase the reliability of leprosy diagnoses.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Molecular techniques using PCR technology and serological tests were developed; however, specificity and sensitivity were limited (11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)21). In this context, the identification of biomarkers that allow early diagnosis of leprosy and differentiation between forms of the disease with an adequate sensitivity and specificity is still required.…”

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Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

et al. 2017

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Leprosy is an important cause of disability in the developing world. Early diagnosis is essential to allow for cure and to interrupt transmission of this infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important factors for host-pathogen interaction and they have been identified as biomarkers for various infectious diseases. The expression profile of 377 microRNAs were analyzed by TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) in skin lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients as well as skin specimens from healthy controls. In a second step, 16 microRNAs were selected for validation experiments with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in skin samples from new individuals. Principal-component analysis followed by logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of selected miRNAs. Four patterns of differential expression were identified in the TLDA experiment, suggesting a diagnostic potential of miRNAs in leprosy. After validation experiments, a combination of four miRNAs (miR-101, miR-196b, miR-27b, and miR-29c) was revealed as able to discriminate between healthy control and leprosy patients with 80% sensitivity and 91% specificity. This set of miRNAs was also able to discriminate between lepromatous and tuberculoid patients with a sensitivity of 83% and 80% specificity. In this work, it was possible to identify a set of miRNAs with good diagnostic potential for leprosy.KEYWORDS biomarker, leprosy, miRNA L eprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. The infection affects primarily the skin and can cause damage to peripheral nerves, mucosa, and other organs, including liver and eyes. Leprosy is classified as a neglected tropical disease and remains one of the main causes of disability in the world (1-3). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report including data from 138 countries, 211,974 newly diagnosed patients were notified in the year 2015 and 96% of them were reported from 22 countries, including Brazil (4).Leprosy presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the host immune response against M. leprae. It can be classified according to histopathological (Ridley-Jopling) criteria into different forms across two opposing poles: a so-called resistance pole responsible for a localized form of the disease (tuberculoid tuberculoid [TT]) and a susceptibility pole that is a disseminated form, which leads to the development of more severe clinical manifestations (lepromatous leprosy [LL]). There are also three intermediate and unstable forms: borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline

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Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

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“…1 In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the goal of reducing the global prevalence of leprosy to less than one case per 10,000 inhabitants. 2 However, this goal has been set as a great challenge. According to the WHO, 16 countries worldwide reported a thousand or more cases in 2009.…”

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“…E-mail: eliracema@gmail.com. 2 Master's student in Nursing. Primary Nursing Program of the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing.…”

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Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em um município do nordeste brasileiro: Uma análise retrospectiva Epidemiological profile of leprosy in a municipality in the Brazilian Northeast: a retrospective analysis

Oliveira

Alves²,

Araújo³

et al. 2017

R. pesq. cuid. fundam. online

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Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no estado do Piauí. Método: estudo epidemiológico transversal, com coleta retrospectiva. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, de pacientes com hanseníase, referentes ao período de 2005 a 2014. Foram avaliadas a taxa de detecção, grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico e na cura e a proporção da cura. Resultados: totalizaram 13.787 casos de hanseníase, o coeficiente de detecção diminuiu ao longo dos anos, o grau de incapacidade física a ser avaliado no diagnóstico e na cura apresentou uma tendência de redução de avaliação, o percentual de cura foi regular (%?). Conclusão: a proporção de casos detectados com grau de incapacidade e o predomínio de formas passivas de detecção sugerem diagnóstico tardio e corroboram a importância da integração das ações de controle da hanseníase na atenção básica.

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Neglected Tropical Bacterial Diseases

Saxena

Azad

2016

Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

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Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy

Cited by 118 publications

References 53 publications

Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em um município do nordeste brasileiro: Uma análise retrospectiva Epidemiological profile of leprosy in a municipality in the Brazilian Northeast: a retrospective analysis

Neglected Tropical Bacterial Diseases

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