Update on the effects of microgravity on the musculoskeletal system

Juhl, Otto J.; Buettmann, Evan G.; Friedman, Michael; DeNapoli, Rachel C.; Hoppock, Gabriel A; Donahue, Henry J.

doi:10.1038/s41526-021-00158-4

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Previous work with ground-based and spaceflight models in both rodents and humans have demonstrated that the postural soleus undergoes a fiber type shift towards a faster phenotype and that the muscle displays significant atrophy and weakness [ 3 , 5 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 17 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Furthermore, previous work has suggested a potential role for Ca 2+ dysregulation [ 11 , 12 ] in the ensuing muscle atrophy and remodeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that microgravity exposure during spaceflight comes with a great deal of physiological and psychosocial challenges that can compromise astronaut health [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Loss of muscle mass and strength is an important factor that can impede the astronaut’s ability to perform mission-related duties during space travel and upon return to Earth or partial gravity (i.e., Moon or Mars).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing SERCA Function in Murine Skeletal Muscles after 35–37 Days of Spaceflight

Braun

Geromella

Hamstra

et al. 2021

IJMS

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It is well established that microgravity exposure causes significant muscle weakness and atrophy via muscle unloading. On Earth, muscle unloading leads to a disproportionate loss in muscle force and size with the loss in muscle force occurring at a faster rate. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, a role for Ca2+ dysregulation has been suggested. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump actively brings cytosolic Ca2+ into the SR, eliciting muscle relaxation and maintaining low intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). SERCA dysfunction contributes to elevations in [Ca2+]i, leading to cellular damage, and may contribute to the muscle weakness and atrophy observed with spaceflight. Here, we investigated SERCA function, SERCA regulatory protein content, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) protein adduction in murine skeletal muscle after 35–37 days of spaceflight. In male and female soleus muscles, spaceflight led to drastic impairments in Ca2+ uptake despite significant increases in SERCA1a protein content. We attribute this impairment to an increase in RONS production and elevated total protein tyrosine (T) nitration and cysteine (S) nitrosylation. Contrarily, in the tibialis anterior (TA), we observed an enhancement in Ca2+ uptake, which we attribute to a shift towards a faster muscle fiber type (i.e., increased myosin heavy chain IIb and SERCA1a) without elevated total protein T-nitration and S-nitrosylation. Thus, spaceflight affects SERCA function differently between the soleus and TA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing SERCA Function in Murine Skeletal Muscles after 35–37 Days of Spaceflight

Braun

Geromella

Hamstra

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…whether atrophy and osteoporosis can be alleviated by exercise and whether timing has an influence on exercise effects, as the physiology and function of muscle and bone metabolism are under circadian control (Lefta et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2020;Mayeuf-Louchart et al, 2015;Song et al, 2018;Swanson et al, 2018). Exercise affects circadian phase and amplitude with a roughly reversed PRC pattern to light entrainment (Lewis et al, 2018;Juhl et al, 2021;Moosavi et al, 2021;Refinetti 2016). However, the effects of these factors also require further assessment.…”

Section: Countermeasures To Improve Circadian Rhythms Under Martian C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Live on Mars With a Proper Circadian Clock?

Luo

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Intrinsic circadian clocks generate circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior, which provide the capabilities to adapt to cycling environmental cues that result from the self-rotation of the Earth. Circadian misalignment leads to deleterious impacts on adaptation and health in different organisms. The environmental cues on the interplanetary journey to and on Mars dramatically differ from those on Earth. These differences impose numerous adaptive challenges, including challenges for humans’ circadian clock. Thus, adaptation of circadian rhythms to the Martian environment is a prerequisite for future landing and dwelling on Mars. Here, we review the progress of studies associated with the influence of the Martian environment on circadian rhythms and propose directions for further study and potential strategies to improve the adaptation of the circadian clock for future Mars missions.

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“…(2016), Juhl et al (2021) and Vico & Hargens (2018). The effect of μG on muscle and bone is strongly influenced by nutrition (S. M. Smith et al, 2012), and bone remodelling has associated effects on an individual's biochemistry and renal system (Pietrzyk et al, 2007).…”

Section: Physiology Of and Protection From µGmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oh G: The x, y and z of human physiological responses to acceleration

Pollock

Hodkinson

Smith

2021

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the topic of this review?This review focuses on the main physiological challenges associated with exposure to acceleration in the Gx, Gy and Gz directions and to microgravity. What advances does it highlight?Our current understanding of the physiology of these environments and latest strategies to protect against them are discussed in light of the limited knowledge we have in some of these areas. Abstract The desire to go higher, faster and further has taken us to environments where the accelerations placed on our bodies far exceed or are much lower than that attributable to Earth's gravity. While on the ground, racing drivers of the fastest cars are exposed to high degrees of lateral acceleration (Gy) during cornering. In the air, while within the confines of the lower reaches of Earth's atmosphere, fast jet pilots are routinely exposed to high levels of acceleration in the head–foot direction (Gz). During launch and re‐entry of suborbital and orbital spacecraft, astronauts and spaceflight participants are exposed to high levels of chest–back acceleration (Gx), whereas once in space the effects of gravity are all but removed (termed microgravity, μG). Each of these environments has profound effects on the homeostatic mechanisms within the body and can have a serious impact, not only for those with underlying pathology but also for healthy individuals. This review provides an overview of the main challenges associated with these environments and our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological adaptations to them. Where relevant, protection strategies are discussed, with the implications of our future exposure to these environments also being considered.

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Update on the effects of microgravity on the musculoskeletal system

Cited by 80 publications

References 220 publications

Characterizing SERCA Function in Murine Skeletal Muscles after 35–37 Days of Spaceflight

Characterizing SERCA Function in Murine Skeletal Muscles after 35–37 Days of Spaceflight

How to Live on Mars With a Proper Circadian Clock?

Oh G: The x, y and z of human physiological responses to acceleration

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